Pulmonary tuberculosis is among the leading infectious diseases causing mortality worldwide. Therefore, scaling up intervention strategies to reduce the spread of infections in the population is imperative. In this paper, a population-based compartmental approach has been employed to formulate a mathematical model of pulmonary tuberculosis that incorporates an asymptomatic infectious population. The model includes asymptomatic infectious individuals since they spread infections incessantly to susceptible populations without being noticed, thus contributing to the high rate of infection transmission. Qualitative and numerical analyses were performed to determine the impact of various intervention strategies on controlling infection transmission in the population. Sensitivity and numerical results indicate that increasing screening of latently infected and asymptomatic infectious individuals reduces infection transmission to the susceptible population. Numerical results demonstrate that the combination of vaccination, screening, and treatment of all forms of pulmonary tuberculosis is the most effective intervention in decreasing infection transmission. Furthermore, a combination of screening and treatment of all forms of pulmonary tuberculosis proves more effective than a combination of vaccination and treatment of symptomatic infectious individuals alone. Treating the symptomatic infectious population alone is identified as the least effective intervention for curtailing infection transmission in the susceptible population. These study findings will guide healthcare officials in making decisions regarding the screening of latently infected and asymptomatic infectious pulmonary tuberculosis patients, thereby aiding in the fight against epidemics of this disease.

中文翻译：

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肯尼亚肺结核病传播和控制模型

肺结核是全世界导致死亡的主要传染病之一。因此，扩大干预策略以减少感染在人群中的传播势在必行。在本文中，采用基于人群的区室方法来制定包含无症状感染人群的肺结核数学模型。该模型包括无症状感染者，因为他们在不被发现的情况下不断向易感人群传播感染，从而导致感染传播率很高。进行了定性和数值分析，以确定各种干预策略对控制人群感染传播的影响。敏感性和数值结果表明，增加对潜伏感染者和无症状感染者的筛查可以减少向易感人群的感染传播。数值结果表明，对所有形式的肺结核进行疫苗接种、筛查和治疗相结合是减少感染传播的最有效干预措施。此外，事实证明，对所有形式的肺结核进行筛查和治疗相结合比单独对有症状的感染者进行疫苗接种和治疗相结合更有效。单独治疗有症状的感染人群被认为是减少易感人群感染传播最有效的干预措施。这些研究结果将指导医疗官员做出有关筛查潜伏感染和无症状传染性肺结核患者的决策，从而有助于抗击这种疾病的流行。