Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and highly metastatic cancer affecting people worldwide. Drug resistance and unwanted side effects are some of the limitations of current treatments for CRC. Naringenin (NAR) is a naturally occurring compound found in abundance in various citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, and tomatoes. It possesses a diverse range of pharmacological and biological properties that are beneficial for human health. Numerous studies have highlighted its antioxidant, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory activities, making it a subject of interest in scientific research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of NAR on CRC. The study's findings indicated that NAR: (1) interacts with estrogen receptors, (2) regulates the expression of genes related to the p53 signaling pathway, (3) promotes apoptosis by increasing the expression of proapoptotic genes (Bax, caspase9, and p53) and downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2, (4) inhibits the activity of enzymes involved in cell survival and proliferation, (5) decreases cyclin D1 levels, (6) reduces the expression of cyclin‐dependent kinases (Cdk4, Cdk6, and Cdk7) and antiapoptotic genes (Bcl2, x‐IAP, and c‐IAP‐2) in CRC cells. In vitro CDK2 binding assay was also performed, showing that the NAR derivatives had better inhibitory activities on CDK2 than NAR. Based on the findings of this study, NAR is a potential therapeutic agent for CRC. Additional pharmacology and pharmacokinetics studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action of NAR and establish the most suitable dose for subsequent clinical investigations.

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柚皮素在结直肠癌中的治疗潜力的叙述性综述：关注分子和生化过程

结直肠癌（CRC）是一种常见且高度转移的癌症，影响全世界人民。耐药性和不良副作用是当前结直肠癌治疗的一些局限性。柚皮素 (NAR) 是一种天然存在的化合物，大量存在于各种柑橘类水果中，例如橙子、葡萄柚和西红柿。它具有多种对人类健康有益的药理和生物学特性。大量研究强调了它的抗氧化、抗癌和抗炎活性，使其成为科学研究的热点。本综述全面概述了 NAR 对 CRC 的影响。研究结果表明，NAR：(1) 与雌激素受体相互作用，(2) 调节与 p53 信号通路相关的基因表达，(3) 通过增加促凋亡基因（Bax、caspase9 和 p53）的表达来促进细胞凋亡抗凋亡基因 Bcl2 的下调，(4) 抑制参与细胞存活和增殖的酶的活性，(5) 降低细胞周期蛋白 D1 水平，(6) 降低细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（Cdk4、Cdk6 和 Cdk7）的表达CRC 细胞中的抗凋亡基因（Bcl2、x-IAP 和 c-IAP-2）。还进行了体外CDK2结合测定，表明NAR衍生物比NAR对CDK2具有更好的抑制活性。根据这项研究的结果，NAR 是 CRC 的潜在治疗剂。需要额外的药理学和药代动力学研究来充分阐明 NAR 的作用机制并为后续临床研究确定最合适的剂量。