This meta-analysis aimed to explore the most robust findings across numerous existing resting-state functional imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on the functional and structural brain alterations in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis was conducted to compare the differences in the intrinsic functional activity and gray matter volume (GMV) between individuals with ASD and typically developing individuals (TDs) using Seed-based d Mapping software. A total of 23 functional imaging studies (786 ASD, 710 TDs) and 52 VBM studies (1728 ASD, 1747 TDs) were included. Compared with TDs, individuals with ASD displayed resting-state functional decreases in the left insula (extending to left superior temporal gyrus [STG]), bilateral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC), left angular gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus, as well as increases in the right supplementary motor area and precuneus. For VBM meta-analysis, individuals with ASD displayed decreased GMV in the ACC/mPFC and left cerebellum, and increased GMV in the left middle temporal gyrus (extending to the left insula and STG), bilateral olfactory cortex, and right precentral gyrus. Further, individuals with ASD displayed decreased resting-state functional activity and increased GMV in the left insula after overlapping the functional and structural differences. The present multimodal meta-analysis demonstrated that ASD exhibited similar alterations in both function and structure of the insula and ACC/mPFC, and functional or structural alterations in the default mode network (DMN), primary motor and sensory regions. These findings contribute to further understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD.

中文翻译：

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系统回顾和荟萃分析：自闭症谱系障碍的多模式功能和解剖神经改变

这项荟萃分析旨在探索关于自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 患者大脑功能和结构改变的众多现有静息态功能成像和基于体素的形态测量 (VBM) 研究中最有力的发现。使用基于种子的 d Mapping 软件进行全脑体素荟萃分析，比较 ASD 个体和典型发育个体 (TD) 之间内在功能活动和灰质体积 (GMV) 的差异。总共纳入了 23 项功能影像研究（786 项 ASD，710 项 TD）和 52 项 VBM 研究（1728 项 ASD，1747 项 TD）。与 TD 相比，患有 ASD 的个体表现出左侧岛叶（延伸至左侧颞上回 [STG]）、双侧前扣带皮层/内侧前额叶皮层 (ACC/mPFC)、左侧角回和右侧颞下回的静息态功能下降回，以及右侧辅助运动区和楔前叶的增加。对于 VBM 荟萃分析，患有 ASD 的个体表现出 ACC/mPFC 和左侧小脑的 GMV 降低，而左侧颞中回（延伸至左侧岛叶和 STG）、双侧嗅皮层和右侧中央前回的 GMV 增加。此外，患有 ASD 的个体在功能和结构差异重叠后，左侧岛叶的静息态功能活动降低，GMV 增加。目前的多模态荟萃分析表明，ASD 在岛叶和 ACC/mPFC 的功能和结构方面表现出类似的改变，并且在默认模式网络 (DMN)、初级运动和感觉区域中也表现出类似的功能或结构改变。这些发现有助于进一步了解 ASD 的病理生理学。