Active travel covers walking, cycling and for instance, push-scooting, skateboarding, manual wheelchair use, electrically assisted bikes and handcycles. Increased active travel is one of the most effective ways of increasing population physical activity, as it can form part of daily life, whereas leisure time physical activity may be more expensive and/or time-consuming. Various factors including housing density, mixed-use urban design, financial incentives, infrastructure and road environment shape usage. As active travel is often relatively low cost and potentially accessible to much of the population, uptake can help improve equity in health and in access to resources obtained through mobility.1 Evidence from transport planning says we need ‘carrots’ and ‘sticks’ to increase active travel.2 Carrots improve active travel, such as by building wide, physically protected cycle tracks or providing financial incentives for using active modes. Sticks, like restricting car access or charging for car parking, make driving less convenient or more expensive. Carrots and sticks go together. Where sticks entail financial charges or penalties, they often help fund carrots. Moreover, congested cities can rarely build new infrastructure for active travel (a carrot) without taking away car space (a stick). However, sticks …

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积极旅行和健康公平：采取跨部门方法

主动旅行包括步行、骑自行车，例如推滑板车、滑板、手动轮椅、电动自行车和手摇自行车。增加主动旅行是增加人口身体活动的最有效方式之一，因为它可以成为日常生活的一部分，而休闲时间的身体活动可能更昂贵和/或更耗时。住房密度、混合用途城市设计、财政激励、基础设施和道路环境等多种因素影响着使用情况。由于主动出行的成本通常相对较低，并且可能为大多数人所接受，因此采用这种方式有助于改善健康公平性以及通过流动获得资源的机会。1 交通规划的证据表明，我们需要“胡萝卜”和“大棒”来增加主动出行。2 胡萝卜可以改善主动出行，例如通过修建宽阔的、受物理保护的自行车道或为使用主动模式提供经济激励。诸如限制汽车通行或停车收费之类的惩罚措施，会让驾驶变得不那么方便或更加昂贵。胡萝卜和大棒并存。当大棒带来经济指控或处罚时，它们通常会为胡萝卜提供资金。此外，拥堵的城市很少能在不占用汽车空间（大棒）的情况下建设新的主动出行基础设施（胡萝卜）。然而，棍子……