Background Elevated heart rate (HR) predicts cardiovascular disease and mortality, but there are no established normal limits for ambulatory HR. We used data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary Imaging Study to determine reference ranges for ambulatory HR in a middle-aged population. We also studied clinical correlates of ambulatory HR. Methods A 24-hour ECG was registered in 5809 atrial fibrillation-free individuals, aged 50–65 years. A healthy subset (n=3942) was used to establish reference values (excluding persons with beta-blockers, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, heart failure, anaemia, diabetes, sleep apnoea or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Minimum HR was defined as the lowest 1-minute HR. Reference ranges are reported as means±SDs and 2.5th–97.5th percentiles. Clinical correlates of ambulatory HR were analysed with multivariable linear regression. Results The average mean and minimum HRs were 73±9 and 48±7 beats per minute (bpm) in men and 76±8 and 51±7 bpm in women; the reference range for mean ambulatory HR was 57–90 bpm in men and 61–92 bpm in women. Average daytime and night-time HRs are also reported. Clinical correlates, including age, sex, height, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes, hypertension, haemoglobin level, use of beta-blockers, estimated glomerular filtration rate, per cent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s and coronary artery calcium score, explained <15% of the interindividual differences in HR. Conclusion Ambulatory HR varies widely in healthy middle-aged individuals, a finding with relevance for the management of patients with a perception of tachycardia. Differences in ambulatory HR between individuals are largely independent of common clinical correlates. Data are available upon reasonable request. Any request for data will need to be approved by the study authors as well as the SCAPIS leadership.

中文翻译：

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中年人群动态心率测量的参考范围

背景 心率 (HR) 升高可预测心血管疾病和死亡率，但动态心率没有确定的正常限值。我们使用瑞典 CArdio 肺部影像研究的数据来确定中年人群动态心率的参考范围。我们还研究了动态心率的临床相关性。方法 对 5809 名年龄 50-65 岁的无房颤个体进行 24 小时心电图记录。健康子集（n = 3942）用于建立参考值（不包括患有β受体阻滞剂、心血管疾病、高血压、心力衰竭、贫血、糖尿病、睡眠呼吸暂停或慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人）。最低心率定义为最低 1 分钟心率。参考范围以平均值±标准差和 2.5-97.5 个百分位数报告。采用多变量线性回归分析动态心率的临床相关性。结果 男性的平均心率和最小心率分别为 73±9 和 48±7 次/分钟 (bpm)，女性为 76±8 和 51±7 bpm；男性平均动态心率的参考范围为 57-90 bpm，女性为 61-92 bpm。还报告平均白天和夜间心率。临床相关性，包括年龄、性别、身高、体重指数、体力活动、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、高血压、血红蛋白水平、β受体阻滞剂的使用、估计肾小球滤过率、1秒内预测用力呼气量的百分比和冠状动脉钙化评分，解释了 HR 个体间差异<15%。结论 健康中年人的动态心率差异很大，这一发现与心动过速患者的管理相关。个体之间动态心率的差异很大程度上独立于常见的临床相关性。数据可根据合理要求提供。任何数据请求都需要得到研究作者以及 SCAPIS 领导层的批准。