It has been known that conformal printing with a single nozzle has low efficiency. This study proposes a novel non-expandable curved surface printing method that could realize high-efficiency printing with array nozzles. First, based on the non-uniform rational B-splines curved surface reconstruction method, the parameter equation of the stereolithography format curved surface model is obtained. An equidistant parallel curve filling method is proposed based on the parameter equation. According to the filling accuracy, a spatial equidistant curve network model is established by fitting the surface. Using each node on the curve network as the filling pixel increases the filling rate of the non-expandable surface and improves the printing accuracy. Compared with that of the traditional equidistant filling, the droplet filling rate could be increased by 13.05 % in this study. Finally, based on the self-developed five-axis curved surface inkjet printing system and normal vector printing method, samples of concave, convex, and multi-material conformal surfaces are sequentially printed. Our research finding lays the foundation for high-efficiency integrated molding of electronic devices with complex conformal surfaces.

中文翻译：

---

基于阵列喷嘴和五轴运动机构的共形表面电子器件制造

众所周知，单喷嘴保形打印效率较低。本研究提出了一种新型的不可扩展曲面打印方法，可以实现阵列喷嘴的高效打印。首先，基于非均匀有理B样条曲面重构方法，得到立体光刻格式曲面模型的参数方程。基于参数方程提出了等距平行曲线填充方法。根据填充精度，通过曲面拟合建立空间等距曲线网络模型。将曲线网络上的每个节点作为填充像素，增加了不可扩展表面的填充率，提高了打印精度。与传统的等距填充相比，本研究液滴填充率可提高13.05%。最后，基于自主研发的五轴曲面喷墨打印系统和法向矢量打印方法，依次打印凹面、凸面、多材料共形面样品。我们的研究成果为复杂共形表面电子器件的高效集成成型奠定了基础。