Bifunctional catalysts, consisting of metal and acid sites, can be applied in the alkane hydroisomerization reaction, and the process of dehydrogenation and hydrogenation at the metal sites can balance the isomerization and cracking routes, carbocation rearrangement at acidic sites affecting the hydroisomerization performance. Metals are traditionally prepared at high temperature which results in metal agglomeration. To address this drawback, a low-temperature method for catalyst loading is proposed. The method provides catalysts with smaller particle sizes and higher dispersion to prevent metal agglomeration. Specifically, when the loading capacity of metal Pt is 0.3 %, this method results in both single atoms and metal clusters within the catalyst. And the catalyst shows a balanced metal-acid function once capacity for Pt loading increased to 0.5 %. Moreover, the electron density of Pt following metal loading on g-CN support increased, and the turnover frequency (TOF) of each metal site also increased with the rise of n/n. Furthermore, it is noted that the catalyst prepared by low-temperature loading shows significant increased hydroisomerization activity and selectivity compared to those prepared with the traditional method, with an isomer yield of up to 68.2 %.

中文翻译：

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新型低温负载方法制备具有增强金属电荷密度的加氢异构化催化剂

由金属和酸性位点组成的双功能催化剂可应用于烷烃加氢异构反应，金属位点的脱氢和加氢过程可以平衡异构化和裂解路线，酸性位点的碳阳离子重排影响加氢异构性能。金属传统上是在高温下制备的，这会导致金属团聚。为了解决这个缺点，提出了一种低温负载催化剂的方法。该方法提供了具有更小粒径和更高分散性的催化剂，以防止金属团聚。具体来说，当金属Pt的负载量为0.3%时，该方法在催化剂中同时产生单原子和金属簇。当Pt负载量增加到0.5%时，催化剂表现出平衡的金属酸功能。此外，g-CN载体上金属负载后，Pt的电子密度增加，并且每个金属位点的转换频率（TOF）也随着n/n的增加而增加。此外，值得注意的是，与传统方法制备的催化剂相比，低温负载制备的催化剂显示出显着提高的加氢异构化活性和选择性，异构体收率高达68.2%。