Peanut is an important cash crop used in oil, food and feed in our country. The rapid development of sequencing technology has promoted the research on the related aspects of peanut genetic breeding. This paper reviews the research progress of peanut origin and evolution, genetic breeding, molecular markers and their applications, genomics, QTL mapping and genome selection techniques. The main problems of molecular genetic breeding in peanut research worldwide include: the narrow genetic resources of cultivated species, unstable genetic transformation and unclear molecular mechanism of important agronomic traits. Considering the severe challenges regarding the supply of edible oil, and the main problems in peanut production, the urgent research directions of peanut are put forward: The de novo domestication and the exploitation of excellent genes from wild resources to improve modern cultivars; Integration of multi-omics data to enhance the importance of big data in peanut genetics and breeding; Cloning the important genes related to peanut agronomic traits and analyzing their fine regulation mechanisms; Precision molecular design breeding and using gene editing technology to accurately improve the key traits of peanut.

中文翻译：

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花生进化研究及遗传育种进展

花生是我国重要的油料、粮食、饲料经济作物。测序技术的快速发展推动了花生遗传育种相关方面的研究。本文综述了花生起源与进化、遗传育种、分子标记及其应用、基因组学、QTL定位和基因组选择技术的研究进展。国内外花生分子遗传育种研究的主要问题包括：栽培品种遗传资源狭窄、遗传转化不稳定、重要农艺性状分子机制不明确等。针对食用油供应面临的严峻挑战和花生生产中存在的主要问题，提出了花生的迫切研究方向：花生的从头驯化和利用野生资源优良基因改良现代品种；整合多组学数据，提升大数据在花生遗传育种中的重要性；克隆花生农艺性状重要基因并分析其精细调控机制；精准分子设计育种，利用基因编辑技术精准改良花生关键性状。