“The grand orchestrator,” “Universal Amplifier,” “double-edged sword,” and “Undruggable” are just some of the Myc oncogene so-called names. It has been around 40 years since the discovery of the Myc, and it remains in the mainstream of cancer treatment drugs. Myc is part of basic helix–loop–helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) superfamily proteins, and its dysregulation can be seen in many malignant human tumors. It dysregulates critical pathways in cells that are connected to each other, such as proliferation, growth, cell cycle, and cell adhesion, impacts miRNAs action, intercellular metabolism, DNA replication, differentiation, microenvironment regulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Myc, surprisingly, is used in stem cell research too. Its family includes three members, MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, and each dysfunction was observed in different cancer types. This review aims to introduce Myc and its function in the body. Besides, Myc deregulatory mechanisms in cancer cells, their intricate aspects will be discussed. We will look at promising drugs and Myc-based therapies. Finally, Myc and its role in stemness, Myc pathways based on PPI network analysis, and future insights will be explained.

中文翻译：

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探索 Myc 难题：深入了解癌症、干细胞生物学和 PPI 网络

“伟大的协调者”、“通用放大器”、“双刃剑”和“不可成药”只是 Myc 癌基因的一些所谓名称。自Myc被发现以来已有大约40年的时间，它仍然是癌症治疗药物的主流。 Myc 是基本螺旋-环-螺旋亮氨酸拉链 (bHLH-LZ) 超家族蛋白的一部分，其失调在许多人类恶性肿瘤中可见。它失调细胞中相互连接的关键通路，如增殖、生长、细胞周期和细胞粘附，影响 miRNA 的作用、细胞间代谢、DNA 复制、分化、微环境调节、血管生成和转移。令人惊讶的是，Myc 也用于干细胞研究。它的家族包括三个成员：MYC、MYCN 和 MYCL，每种功能障碍都在不同的癌症类型中观察到。本综述旨在介绍Myc及其在体内的功能。此外，还将讨论癌细胞中 Myc 的失调机制及其复杂的方面。我们将研究有前途的药物和基于 Myc 的疗法。最后，将解释 Myc 及其在干性中的作用、基于 PPI 网络分析的 Myc 通路以及未来的见解。