Building a reliable S-wave velocity model remains challenging from P-wave land seismic data as multi-parameter elastic full waveform inversion which updates P- and S-wave velocities simultaneously is not yet widely adopted due to its computational cost, highly nonlinear nature and noise contamination from land seismic data. To overcome this challenge, we propose implementing the SH-wave full waveform inversion to obtain the S-wave velocity model. The value of this approach has been examined by applying two-dimensional time-domain SH- and P-wave acoustic full waveform inversion to a nine-component three-dimensional seismic survey acquired in the Midland Basin. The nine-component seismic survey was acquired by using both vertical and horizontal component vibrators and receivers, which enables us to apply both SH- and P-wave full waveform inversion to the raw and preprocessed shot gathers along a two-dimensional line. The SH- and P-wave full waveform inversion applied to the raw shot gathers provide more detailed P- and S-wave velocities compared to the velocities from the stacking velocity analysis. Additionally, there are no problematic artefacts in the inverted S-wave velocity model, which shows the stability of the SH-wave inversion. Through the SH-wave full waveform inversion from the preprocessed shot gathers, we reveal the lateral velocity variations in the Grayburg–San Andres interval, which coincides with the depositional environment changes suggested by the previous regional study mainly based on well log and cores. These variations demonstrate that SH-wave full waveform inversion can identify additional geological features that are not observed in the inverted P-wave velocity model. The inverted P- and SH-wave velocities are validated by the flattening of the events observed in the common image gathers after Kirchhoff depth migration. The SH-wave migration image further reveals the irregular geometries of carbonates in the Spraberry formation. V_p/V_s ratios calculated from the independently inverted P- and S-wave velocity models show strong lateral variations in the Wolfcamp interval (key-producing interval), which could be caused by the organic content variations between the reservoir and non-reservoir rocks. The inversion results demonstrate that the SH-wave full waveform inversion can be used to provide an S-wave velocity model that is comparable to the P-wave velocity model derived from acoustic full waveform inversion, which is widely used for P-wave velocity model building from P-wave land seismic data.

中文翻译：

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二维 SH 波和声学 P 波全波形反演：米德兰盆地案例研究

从纵波陆地地震数据建立可靠的横波速度模型仍然具有挑战性，因为同时更新纵波和横波速度的多参数弹性全波形反演由于其计算成本、高度非线性性质和陆地地震数据的噪声污染。为了克服这一挑战，我们建议实施SH波全波形反演以获得S波速度模型。通过将二维时域 SH 波和 P 波声学全波形反演应用于在米德兰盆地采集的九分量三维地震勘探，检验了该方法的价值。九分量地震勘探是通过使用垂直和水平分量振动器和接收器来获取的，这使我们能够将 SH 波和 P 波全波形反演应用于沿二维线的原始和预处理炮集。与叠加速度分析的速度相比，应用于原始炮集的 SH 波和 P 波全波形反演可提供更详细的 P 波和 S 波速度。此外，反演的S波速度模型中不存在有问题的伪影，这表明SH波反演的稳定性。通过对预处理炮集的SH波全波形反演，我们揭示了Grayburg-San Andres层段的横向速度变化，这与之前主要基于测井和岩心的区域研究所提出的沉积环境变化相吻合。这些变化表明 SH 波全波形反演可以识别在反演 P 波速度模型中未观察到的其他地质特征。反演的 P 波和 SH 波速度通过基尔霍夫深度偏移后在公共图像采集中观察到的事件的平坦化进行验证。 SH波偏移图像进一步揭示了Spraberry地层中碳酸盐岩的不规则几何形状。根据独立反演的纵波和横波速度模型计算的V _p / V _s比值显示 Wolfcamp 层段（关键生产层段）存在强烈的横向变化，这可能是由储层和非储层之间的有机物含量变化引起的岩石。反演结果表明，SH波全波形反演可以提供与声学全波形反演所得到的P波速度模型相当的S波速度模型，而声学全波形反演得到的P波速度模型广泛用于P波速度模型根据 P 波陆地地震数据进行构建。