This study aims to identification of phytochemical profile of Apis mellifera propolis and explore potential of its anti‐diabetic activity through inhibition on α‐amylase (α‐AE), α‐glucosidase(α‐GE) and finally identified the novel antidiabetic compounds from propolis. Apis mellifera propolis extract (AMPE) exhibited elevated polyphenol 33.26 ± 0.17 (mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (15.45 ± 0.13 mg RE/g), while its also indicated moderate strong antioxidant activity (EC50 793.09 ±1.94 µg/ml). This study found that AMPE displayed promising α‐AE and α‐GE inhibition through in vitro study. Based on LC‐MS/MS screening, 18 unique AMPE compounds were identified, majorly belonging to anthraquinone and flavonoid compounds. In silico study determined that 8 compounds of AMPE compounds exhibited strong binding to α‐AE, interacting to catalytic residue of ASP197. Moreover, 2 compounds exhibit potential inhibition of α‐AG, by interacting to crucial amino acids of ARG315, ASP352, and ASP69. Finally, we suggested 2,7‐Dihydroxy‐1‐(p‐hydroxybenzyl)‐4‐methoxy‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene and 3(3‐(3,4‐Dihydroxybenzyl)‐7‐hydroxychroman‐4‐one as novel inhibitors of α‐AE and α‐GE. Notably, these compounds were initially discovered in Apis mellifera propolis, and molecular dynamic analysis confirmed their stable binding with both enzymes over 100 ns simulations. In vivo acute toxicity test reveals AMPE as a practically non‐toxic product with LD50 value of 16050mg/kg.

中文翻译：

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蜜蜂蜂胶作为抗糖尿病补充剂的植物化学特征、抗氧化剂、酶抑制、急性毒性、计算机分子对接和动态分析

本研究旨在鉴定意大利蜜蜂蜂胶的植物化学特征，并通过抑制α-淀粉酶（α-AE）、α-葡萄糖苷酶（α-GE）探索其抗糖尿病活性的潜力，并最终从蜂胶中鉴定出新型抗糖尿病化合物。意大利蜜蜂蜂胶提取物 (AMPE) 表现出较高的多酚 33.26 ± 0.17 (mg GAE/g) 和类黄酮 (15.45 ± 0.13 mg RE/g)，同时还显示出中等强的抗氧化活性 (EC50 793.09 ±1.94 µg/ml)。本研究通过体外研究发现 AMPE 显示出有前景的 α-AE 和 α-GE 抑制作用。基于LC-MS/MS筛选，鉴定出18种独特的AMPE化合物，主要属于蒽醌和黄酮类化合物。计算机研究确定 AMPE 化合物中的 8 种化合物表现出与 α-AE 的强烈结合，与 ASP197 的催化残基相互作用。此外，2 种化合物通过与 ARG315、ASP352 和 ASP69 的关键氨基酸相互作用，表现出对 α-AG 的潜在抑制作用。最后，我们建议2,7-二羟基-1-(对羟基苯甲基)-4-甲氧基-9,10-二氢菲和3(3-(3,4-二羟基苯甲基)-7-羟基苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮作为新型抑制剂值得注意的是，这些化合物最初是在蜜蜂蜂胶中发现的，分子动力学分析证实它们与两种酶的稳定结合超过 100 ns 模拟，体内急性毒性测试表明 AMPE 几乎是无毒的。产品LD50值为16050mg/kg。