This study used a new X-ray fluorescence (XRF)-based analytical method with better precision and sensitivity to evaluate the fluorine concentrations in soil. It was hypothesized that the XRF method with a pellet-synthesizing procedure may effectively analyze the fluorine concentrations in soil with ease and reliability. The total fluorine concentrations determined using XRF were compared with those determined using three different types of analytical protocols—incineration/distillation, alkaline fusion, and aqua regia extraction procedures. Among the three procedures, the incineration/distillation procedure did not show reliable precision and reproducibility. In contrast, the total fluorine concentrations determined using the XRF analysis were linearly correlated with those determined using the alkaline fusion and aqua regia extraction procedures. Based on the results of the Korean waste leaching procedure and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure, the leachability of fluorine from soil and waste was not directly related to total fluorine concentrations in soil. Risk assessment also revealed that the fluorine-rich soils did not show non-carcinogenic toxic effects, despite exceeding the regulation level (800 mg/kg) in South Korea for total fluorine concentrations in soil. Our results suggest that XRF analysis in combination with the newly developed pretreatment method may be a promising alternative procedure for easily and rapidly determining the total fluorine concentration in soil. However, further efforts are needed to evaluate fluorine leachability and its associated risks in fluorine-contaminated soils.

本研究采用了一种新的基于 X 射线荧光 (XRF) 的分析方法，具有更好的精度和灵敏度来评估土壤中的氟浓度。据推测，采用颗粒合成程序的 XRF 方法可以轻松可靠地有效分析土壤中的氟浓度。将使用 XRF 测定的总氟浓度与使用三种不同类型的分析方案（焚烧/蒸馏、碱熔和王水提取程序）测定的总氟浓度进行比较。在这三个程序中，焚烧/蒸馏程序没有表现出可靠的精度和再现性。相反，使用 XRF 分析测定的总氟浓度与使用碱熔和王水提取程序测定的总氟浓度呈线性相关。根据韩国废物浸出程序和毒性特征浸出程序的结果，土壤和废物中氟的浸出率与土壤中的总氟浓度没有直接关系。风险评估还显示，尽管土壤中总氟浓度超出了韩国规定水平（800毫克/千克），但富含氟的土壤并未表现出非致癌毒性作用。我们的结果表明，XRF 分析与新开发的预处理方法相结合可能是一种有前途的替代程序，可以轻松快速地测定土壤中的总氟浓度。然而，需要进一步努力评估氟污染土壤中的氟浸出性及其相关风险。