Lead (Pb) poses a significant risk to infants and children through exposure to contaminated soil and dust. However, there is a lack of information on Pb speciation and distribution at the neighborhood-scale. This work aimed to determine: (1) the distribution of acid-extractable (labile) Pb and other metals ([M]_AE) in two neighborhoods in Akron, Ohio (USA) (Summit Lake and West Akron; n = 82 samples); and (2) Pb speciation and potential sources. Total metal concentration ([M]_T) and [M]_AE was strongly correlated for Pb and Zn (R² of 0.66 and 0.55, respectively), corresponding to 35% and 33% acid-extractability. Lead and Zn exhibited a strong positive correlation with each other (R² = 0.56 for M_T and 0.68 for M_AE). Three types of Pb-bearing phases were observed by electron microscopy: (1) galena (PbS)-like (5–10 μm); (2) paint chip residuals (10–20 μm); and (3) Pb-bearing Fe-oxides (20 μm). Isotope ratio values for Pb_AE were 1.159 to 1.245 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb, and 1.999 to 2.098 for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two neighborhoods (p = 0.010 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb and p = 0.009 for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb). Paint and petrol are the dominant sources of Pb, with some from coal and fly ash. Lead speciation and distribution is variable and reflects a complex relationship between the input of primary sources and post-deposition transformations. This work highlights the importance of community science collaborations to expand the reach of soil sampling and establish areas most at risk based on neighborhood-dependent Pb speciation and distribution for targeted remediation.

铅 (Pb) 通过接触受污染的土壤和灰尘对婴儿和儿童构成重大风险。然而，缺乏有关邻域尺度的铅形态和分布的信息。这项工作旨在确定：(1) 酸可萃取（不稳定）Pb 和其他金属 ([M] _AE ) 在俄亥俄州阿克伦（美国）两个社区（萨米特湖和西阿克伦；n = 82 个样本）的分布; (2) Pb形态和潜在来源。总金属浓度 ([M] _T ) 和 [M] _AE与 Pb 和 Zn 密切相关（R ²分别为 0.66 和 0.55），对应于 35% 和 33% 的酸萃取率。铅和锌彼此表现出很强的正相关性（ M _{T的 R} ² = 0.56 ，M _AE的 R 2 = 0.68 ）。通过电子显微镜观察到三种类型的含铅相：（1）类方铅矿（PbS）（5-10μm）； （2）漆屑残留（10～20μm）； (3) 含铅铁氧化物 (20 μm)。 Pb _AE的同位素比值为²⁰⁶ Pb/ ²⁰⁷ Pb的 1.159 至 1.245 ，以及²⁰⁸ Pb/ ²⁰⁶ Pb的 1.999 至 2.098 ，并且两个邻域之间存在统计显着性差异（²⁰⁶ Pb/ ^{207 Pb 的}p  = 0.010和对于²⁰⁸ Pb/ ^{206 Pb，} p  = 0.009 ）。油漆和汽油是铅的主要来源，其中一些来自煤和粉煤灰。铅的形态和分布是可变的，反映了主要来源的输入和沉积后转化之间的复杂关系。这项工作强调了社区科学合作的重要性，以扩大土壤采样的范围，并根据邻里依赖的铅形态和分布确定风险最大的区域，以进行有针对性的修复。