Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a multipurpose material and finds its applications in various fields such as rubber manufacturing, medicine, food additives, electronics, etc. It has also been intensively studied in photocatalysis due to its wide band gap and environmental compatibility. Recently, heterogeneous catalysts with supported ZnO_x species have attracted more and more attention for the dehydrogenation of propane (PDH) and isobutane (iBDH) present in shale/natural gas. The olefins formed in these reactions are key building blocks of the chemical industry. These reactions are also of academic importance for understanding the fundamentals of the selective activation of C–H bonds. Differently structured ZnO_x species supported on zeolites, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃ have been reported to be active for nonoxidative dehydrogenation reactions. However, the structure–activity–selectivity relationships for these catalysts remain elusive. The main difficulty stems from the preparation of catalysts containing only one kind of well-defined ZnO_x species.

中文翻译：

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明确的负载型 ZnOx 物种：C3-C4 烷烃非氧化脱氢的合成、结构和催化性能

氧化锌（ZnO）是一种多用途材料，在橡胶制造、医药、食品添加剂、电子等各个领域都有广泛的应用。由于其宽带隙和环境相容性，它在光催化方面也得到了深入的研究。最近，负载ZnO _x的非均相催化剂在页岩/天然气中丙烷（PDH）和异丁烷（iBDH）的脱氢中引起了越来越多的关注。这些反应中形成的烯烃是化学工业的关键组成部分。这些反应对于理解 C-H 键选择性激活的基本原理也具有学术重要性。据报道，负载在沸石、SiO ₂和Al ₂ O ₃上的不同结构的ZnO _x物质对于非氧化脱氢反应具有活性。然而，这些催化剂的结构-活性-选择性关系仍然难以捉摸。主要困难在于制备仅含有一种明确的ZnO _x物种的催化剂。