Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe disorder characterized by excessive activation of the immune system, leading to hypercytokinemia and damage to multiple organs. We report a rare case of HLH with myopericarditis caused by Campylobacter infection. A 28-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension without medicine control presented at the hospital after a four-day fever, decreasing urine amount, rashes on his trunk and limbs, and other symptoms. He was admitted with a provisional diagnosis of atypical infection and allergic skin rash related to diclofenac. However, his condition deteriorated, and he developed shock, tachycardia, chest distress, and bilateral pleural effusion after admission. Further investigations revealed cardiogenic shock related to myopericarditis, and he was transferred to the ICU. In addition, a stool PCR panel subsequently revealed a positive result for Campylobacter. On day 6, he was diagnosed with HLH. Under Clarithromycin and dexamethasone infusion, leukocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia with cardiogenic shock status improved. Then, he was later discharged in stable condition. HLH and myopericarditis caused by Campylobacter are very rare. Early detection of Campylobacter-induced HLH and multiple organ failure, as well as prompt use of antibiotics and immunosuppressants, can be helpful for prognosis.

中文翻译：

---

弯曲杆菌所致噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症及心肌心包炎一例

噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症 (HLH) 是一种严重疾病，其特征是免疫系统过度激活，导致细胞因子过多和多个器官受损。我们报告一例由弯曲杆菌感染引起的 HLH 伴心肌心包炎的罕见病例。患者，28岁，男性，有高血压病史，未经药物控制，出现发热4天、尿量减少、躯干、四肢出现皮疹等症状就诊。他入院时初步诊断为非典型感染和与双氯芬酸相关的过敏性皮疹。但入院后病情恶化，出现休克、心动过速、胸闷、双侧胸腔积液。进一步检查发现与心肌心包炎有关的心源性休克，他被转移到重症监护室。此外，粪便 PCR 检测结果显示弯曲杆菌呈阳性。第 6 天，他被诊断出患有 HLH。在克拉霉素和地塞米松输注下，白细胞增多、贫血和血小板减少伴心源性休克状态得到改善。随后，他病情稳定出院。由弯曲杆菌引起的HLH和心肌心包炎非常罕见。早期发现弯曲杆菌引起的 HLH 和多器官衰竭，以及及时使用抗生素和免疫抑制剂，有助于预后。