With the development of electronic devices toward a more centralized direction, there is an urgent need to introduce new technologies in the microchannel heat sink to address thermal deformation or failure caused by uneven temperature distribution. Therefore, microchannels with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) and different shapes of cavity structures combination are designed innovatively to address this issue. The laminar flow solver solves for single-phase, steady, and fully developed liquid flows through microchannels in the inlet Reynolds number range of 168–793. Study finds that the longitudinal vortex flow not only mixes the fluid in the mainstream region but also effectively weakens the retention effect in the cavities. Among all microchannels, the microchannel with LVGs and triangular cavities combination (MC-LTC) shows the best performance. Subsequently, multi-objective optimization of the MC-LTC is carried out using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic II Algorithm with the pumping power () and the temperature uniformity factor () as objective functions, and the relative heights (, , ) of the three pairs of LVGs as the three design variables. The optimal solutions set for and range from 0.706 mW to 1.018 mW and 0.547 to 0.716, respectively. Among the five selected Pareto optimal solution parameters, MC-LTC ( = 0.6001, = 1.3528, = 1.3707) and MC-LTC ( = 0.6001, = 1.0725, = 1.3017) show the best temperature uniformity performance.

中文翻译：

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纵向涡流下空腔微通道散热器温度均匀性分析及多目标优化

随着电子器件向着更加集中化的方向发展，迫切需要在微通道散热器中引入新技术来解决因温度分布不均匀引起的热变形或失效问题。因此，创新性地设计了带有纵向涡流发生器（LVG）的微通道和不同形状的腔体结构组合来解决这个问题。层流求解器求解入口雷诺数范围为 168-793 的单相、稳定且充分发展的微通道液体流。研究发现，纵向涡流不仅使主流区域的流体混合，而且有效削弱了空腔内的滞留作用。在所有微通道中，具有 LVG 和三角形腔组合的微通道（MC-LTC）表现出最好的性能。随后，采用非支配排序遗传II算法，以泵浦功率()和温度均匀性因子()为目标函数，以及三者的相对高度(, , )对MC-LTC进行多目标优化。成对的 LVG 作为三个设计变量。最佳解决方案设置范围分别为 0.706 mW 至 1.018 mW 和 0.547 至 0.716。在选取的5个Pareto最优解参数中，MC-LTC(=0.6001、=1.3528、=1.3707)和MC-LTC(=0.6001、=1.0725、=1.3017)表现出最好的温度均匀性性能。