In tokamak devices, tungsten (W), as the main candidate for plasma facing material, will suffer from the simultaneous challenges of high heat flux (HHF) and neutron irradiation. This study involved annealing experiments on W-3Re alloy using two distinct heating methods: furnace heating and electron beam heating. The evolution of hardness and microstrure of tungsten-rhenium (W-3Re) alloy after isochronous annealing and isothermal annealing has been analyzed and compared with pure tungsten (PW). The recrystallization kinetics of W-3Re alloy have been obtained employing the Johnson Mehl-Avrami Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. Experimental results showed that recrystallization kinetics during electron beam annealing were faster than those in furnace annealing. This phenomenon can be attributed to the rapid heating process of electron beam annealing, which preserved more deformation energy within the material, thus providing more driving force for recrystallization at high temperatures. Additionally, Re appeared to inhibit grain boundary migration in W-3Re alloy, causing the recrystallization temperature to be approximately 100 °C higher than in pure tungsten, and also resulted in a smaller average grain size compared to pure tungsten. This research provides experimental data and reference for predicting the microstructural evolution of tungsten-rhenium alloy in future fusion reactor environments.

中文翻译：

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W-3Re 合金在高温条件下微观结构演变的比较研究：高热通量加载与炉内加热

在托卡马克装置中，钨（W）作为等离子体表面材料的主要候选材料，将同时面临高热通量（HHF）和中子辐照的挑战。本研究涉及使用两种不同加热方法对 W-3Re 合金进行退火实验：熔炉加热和电子束加热。分析了等时退火和等温退火后钨铼（W-3Re）合金的硬度和显微组织的变化，并与纯钨（PW）进行了比较。利用Johnson Mehl-Avrami Kolmogorov (JMAK) 方程获得了W-3Re 合金的再结晶动力学。实验结果表明，电子束退火过程中的再结晶动力学比炉内退火过程中的再结晶动力学更快。这种现象可以归因于电子束退火的快速加热过程，在材料内部保留了更多的变形能，从而为高温下的再结晶提供了更多的驱动力。此外，Re似乎抑制了W-3Re合金中的晶界迁移，导致再结晶温度比纯钨高约100°C，并且与纯钨相比，还导致平均晶粒尺寸更小。该研究为预测​​未来聚变反应堆环境中钨铼合金微观结构演化提供了实验数据和参考。