This study illustrates the linkages between the ISO’s Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) and the UN’s sustainable development goals (SDGs), highlighting the role of the LADM in promoting effective land administration suitable for efficient computation of land/water (space)-related SDG indicators. The main contribution of this study is the formalization of SDG indicators by using the ISO standard LADM. This paper proposes several SDG-indicator-related extensions to the multi-part LADM standard that is currently under revision. These extensions encompass the introduction of new procedures for calculating indicators, the integration of blueprints for external classes to fulfil additional information needs and the design of interface classes for presenting indicator values across specific countries and reporting years. In an innovative approach, this paper introduces the Four-Step Method—a powerful framework designed to formalize SDG indicators within the LADM framework. Detailed attention is devoted to specific indicators, including 1.4.2 (secure land rights), 5.a.1 (women’s agricultural land rights), 14.5.1 (protected marine areas) and 11.5.2 (valuation as a basis for direct economic loss). In short, the Four-Step Method is pivotal in eliminating ambiguities, enhancing the efficiency of indicator computation and securing more accurate indicator values that more truly reflect the progress towards SDG realization. This approach is also expected to work with other (ISO) standards for other SDG indicators.

中文翻译：

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连接可持续发展目标和土地管理：ISO 19152 土地管理领域模型在可持续发展目标指标形式化中的作用

本研究阐释了 ISO 土地管理领域模型 (LADM) 与联合国可持续发展目标 (SDG) 之间的联系，强调了 LADM 在促进有效土地管理、适合高效计算土地/水（空间）相关 SDG 方面的作用指标。本研究的主要贡献是通过使用 ISO 标准 LADM 将 SDG 指标形式化。本文对目前正在修订的多部分 LADM 标准提出了几个与 SDG 指标相关的扩展。这些扩展包括引入计算指标的新程序、集成外部类的蓝图以满足额外的信息需求以及设计用于呈现特定国家和报告年份的指标值的界面类。本文采用创新方法，介绍了四步法——一个强大的框架，旨在在 LADM 框架内形式化可持续发展目标指标。详细关注具体指标，包括 1.4.2（保障土地权利）、5.a.1（妇女农业土地权利）、14.5.1（受保护的海洋区域）和 11.5.2（作为直接经济基础的评估）损失）。总之，四步法对于消除歧义、提高指标计算效率、确保指标值更准确、更真实地反映可持续发展目标实现进展至关重要。该方法预计还可与其他可持续发展目标指标的其他（ISO）标准配合使用。