This inductive study of eight international development interventions analyzes mechanisms that enable integration of evidence in practice, a perennial challenge of learning and collaboration across occupational and organizational boundaries. We demonstrate how structural and programmatic scaffolding practices enabled actors from an array of organizations and communities of practice to collaborate and learn despite the uncertainty and complexity inherent in the international development context. These modular scaffolding practices offered temporary stabilization and support that fostered the counter-normative behaviors and mindsets required for continuous learning and adaptive coordination. Through 226 in-depth interviews with international development experts, including practitioners in eight matched interventions in India, Mexico, South Africa, and Ghana, we identified and analyzed mechanisms that explain the varying effectiveness with which evidence was integrated in each case. Our findings have implications for interorganizational innovation and collaboration under conditions of complexity and uncertainty and for dynamic interactions among individuals, their organizations, and their communities of practice when they are attempting to bring about systemic change.

中文翻译：

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实践证据：结构性和程序性支架如何促进国际发展中的合作

这项对八项国际发展干预措施的归纳研究分析了在实践中整合证据的机制，这是跨职业和组织边界的学习和协作的长期挑战。我们展示了结构性和程序化的脚手架实践如何使来自一系列组织和实践社区的参与者能够在国际发展背景中固有的不确定性和复杂性的情况下进行协作和学习。这些模块化脚手架实践提供了暂时的稳定和支持，促进了持续学习和适应性协调所需的反规范行为和心态。通过对国际发展专家（包括印度、墨西哥、南非和加纳八项匹配干预措施的从业者）进行 226 次深入访谈，我们确定并分析了解释每个案例中证据整合的不同有效性的机制。我们的研究结果对复杂性和不确定性条件下的组织间创新和协作以及个人、组织和实践社区在试图带来系统性变革时的动态互动具有影响。