Fluorinated titanium carbide MXenes (Ti₃C₂T_F) have been proven as interfacial materials for hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs). The surface terminals of Ti₃C₂T_F can be adjusted to regulate the work function (WF) of electron transport layers (ETLs). In this work, Ti₃C₂T_F,OH,O was treated with HCl to obtain Cl-terminated Ti₃C₂T_F (named Ti₃C₂T_F,Cl). The resulting Ti₃C₂T_F,Cl was employed as a buried interlayer between SnO₂ and the perovskite, which provides the dual functions of reducing the WF of SnO₂, leading to good ohmic contact between the ETL and the perovskite, and facilitating the growth of the perovskite and reducing lattice stress via alteration of the surface energy of the ETL and lattice matching with the perovskite. n–i–p pero-SCs based on FA_0.92MA_0.08PbI₃ achieved an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.09% with an open circuit voltage of 1.18 V. The optimized pero-SCs exhibit improved stability in N₂, light soaking conditions, and air with a relative humidity of 30–40%. Additionally, Ti₃C₂T_F,Cl performs well in large-scale devices (1.1 cm²) with a PCE of 20.62%, and is adaptable to pero-SCs with different perovskite (FA_0.85MA_0.15PbI_2.55Br_0.45), which achieves an exceptional PCE of 24.05% and a high fill factor of 84.52%.

中文翻译：

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氯化 Ti3C2TF 作为 SnO2 电子传输层上的双功能埋入界面，用于 25.09% 高性能 n-i-p 钙钛矿太阳能电池

氟化碳化钛 MXene (Ti ₃ C ₂ T _F ) 已被证明可作为钙钛矿太阳能电池 (pero-SC) 中空穴传输层的界面材料。 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _F的表面末端可以通过调节来调节电子传输层（ETL）的功函数（WF）。本工作将Ti ₃ C ₂ T _F,OH,O用HCl处理得到Cl封端的Ti ₃ C ₂ T _F（命名为Ti ₃ C ₂ T _F,Cl）。所得的Ti ₃ C ₂ T _F,Cl用作SnO _{2和钙钛矿之间的掩埋中间层，其提供了减少SnO 2}的WF的双重功能，导致ETL和钙钛矿之间良好的欧姆接触，并促进通过改变 ETL 的表面能和与钙钛矿的晶格匹配，钙钛矿的生长和降低晶格应力。基于 FA _0.92 MA _0.08 PbI ₃的 n–i–p pero-SC实现了 25.09% 的出色功率转换效率 (PCE)，开路电压为 1.18 V。优化的 pero-SC 在 N ₂、光环境中表现出更高的稳定性浸泡条件，空气相对湿度30%~40%。此外，Ti ₃ C ₂ T _F,Cl在大型器件（1.1 cm ²）中表现良好，PCE为20.62%，并且适用于不同钙钛矿的pero-SCs（FA _0.85 MA _0.15 PbI _2.55 Br _0.45），其 PCE 高达 24.05%，填充因子高达 84.52%。