QuestionsNative grasses are widespread with high commercial value and demand across the restoration sector, though their uptake is often hampered by seed‐use challenges. Seed enhancement technologies (SETs) provide a valuable tool for improving plant establishment outcomes for species (such as native grasses) where seed‐based approaches are essential to achieve large‐scale targets. However, due to the increased investment in resources and time associated with application of SETs, their adoption is dependent on the ability of these treatments to consistently provide benefits to one or more demographic life stages, particularly under field conditions. This meta‐analysis addresses the following research question: what are the overall effects of SETs on plant establishment outcomes compared to untreated florets or seeds in native grasses globally?LocationGlobal.MethodsThe effects of six major SET categories (acid treatment, coating, pelleting, flash flaming, priming, and treatment combinations) on germination, emergence, and shoot and root length and biomass were explored. Furthermore, the consistency of the effects of SETs across study types (i.e., laboratory, glasshouse, and field) was investigated.ResultsThe overall effects of SETs on native grasses in this meta‐analysis were positive for germination (16% improvement), emergence (22% improvement), and growth (6.42–8.86 cm and 2.26–2.77 g increase in seedling length and biomass, respectively). However, effects ranged from neutral to positive when data were grouped by SET type, with coating, pelleting and priming delivering consistent benefits across multiple life stages, and acid treatments, flash flaming, and combination treatments having mixed effects. This analysis also provided evidence that benefits observed from SET application in laboratory and glasshouse studies are not translating to field environments.ConclusionsOverall, SETs generally had positive effects and can therefore provide a relatively low‐risk approach to improving seed‐based restoration outcomes in native grasses. Continued SET research focussed on long‐term plant establishment outcomes in field environments is needed to further advance SET uptake.

中文翻译：

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种子增强对原生草本植物建立的影响：荟萃分析

问题原生草广泛存在，具有很高的商业价值和整个恢复领域的需求，尽管它们的吸收常常受到种子使用挑战的阻碍。种子强化技术（SET）为改善物种（例如本土草）的植物定殖结果提供了一个有价值的工具，其中基于种子的方法对于实现大规模目标至关重要。然而，由于与 SET 应用相关的资源和时间投资增加，其采用取决于这些治疗方法能否持续为一个或多个人口生命阶段提供益处，特别是在现场条件下。这项荟萃分析解决了以下研究问题：与全球本土草中未经处理的小花或种子相比，SET 对植物建立结果的总体影响是什么？探讨了燃烧、引发和处理组合）对发芽、出苗、芽和根长度以及生物量的影响。此外，还调查了 SET 在不同研究类型（即实验室、温室和田间）中的效果的一致性。 结果 在本次荟萃分析中，SET 对原生草的总体影响对发芽（提高 16%）、出苗（提高22% 的改善）和生长（幼苗长度和生物量分别增加 6.42–8.86 厘米和 2.26–2.77 克）。然而，当数据按 SET 类型分组时，效果从中性到积极不等，包衣、造粒和底漆在多个生命阶段提供一致的益处，而酸处理、闪燃和组合处理则具有混合效果。该分析还提供了证据，表明在实验室和温室研究中应用 SET 所观察到的益处并未转化为野外环境。结论总体而言，SET 通常具有积极作用，因此可以提供一种相对低风险的方法来改善本土草种基于种子的恢复结果。需要继续开展 SET 研究，重点关注田间环境中的长期植物建立结果，以进一步促进 SET 的采用。