The moist processes of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models are assessed using moisture mode theory-based diagnostics over the Indian Ocean (10°S–10°N, 75°E–100°E). Results show that no model can capture all the moisture mode properties relative to the reanalysis. Most models satisfy weak temperature gradient balance but have unrealistically fast MJO propagation and a lower moisture-precipitation correlation. Models that satisfy the most moisture mode criteria reliably simulate a stronger MJO. The background moist static energy (MSE) and low-level zonal winds are more realistic in the models that satisfy the most criteria. The MSE budget associated with the MJO is also well-represented in the good models. Capturing the MJO's moisture mode properties over the Indian Ocean is associated with a more realistic representation of the MJO and thus can be employed to diagnose MJO performance.

中文翻译：

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基于湿度模态理论评估 CMIP6 模型中的 Madden-Julian 振荡

耦合模型比对项目第 6 阶段模型中马登-朱利安振荡 (MJO) 的潮湿过程使用印度洋（10°S–10°N、75°E–100°E）上空基于湿度模式理论的诊断进行评估）。结果表明，没有任何模型可以捕获与再分析相关的所有湿度模式属性。大多数模型满足弱温度梯度平衡，但具有不切实际的快速 MJO 传播和较低的水分-降水相关性。满足最潮湿模式标准的模型可以可靠地模拟更强的 MJO。在满足大多数标准的模型中，背景湿静态能量 (MSE) 和低层纬向风更加真实。与 MJO 相关的 MSE 预算也在良好的模型中得到了很好的体现。捕获印度洋上空 MJO 的湿度模式特性与更真实地表示 MJO 相关，因此可用于诊断 MJO 性能。