Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties and the immune modulatory activity of cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) on oral bacteria and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF). Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed by propidium iodide flow cytometry on fibroblasts derived from the periodontal ligament. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CBD and CBG for S. mutans and C. albicans and the metabolic activity of a subgingival 33-species biofilm under CBD and CBG treatments were determined. The Quantification of cytokines was performed using the LEGENDplex kit (BioLegend, Ref 740930, San Diego, CA, USA). Results: CBD-treated cell viability was greater than 95%, and for CBG, it was higher than 88%. MIC for S. mutans with CBD was 20 µM, and 10 µM for CBG. For C. albicans, no inhibitory effect was observed. Multispecies biofilm metabolic activity was reduced by 50.38% with CBD at 125 µg/mL (p = 0.03) and 39.9% with CBG at 62 µg/mL (p = 0.023). CBD exposure at 500 µg/mL reduced the metabolic activity of the formed biofilm by 15.41%, but CBG did not have an effect. CBG at 10 µM caused considerable production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as TGF-β and IL-4 at 12 h. CBD at 10 µM to 20 µM produced the highest amount of IFN-γ. Conclusion: Both CBG and CBD inhibit S. mutans; they also moderately lower the metabolic activity of multispecies biofilms that form; however, CBD had an effect on biofilms that had already developed. This, together with the production of anti-inflammatory mediators and the maintenance of the viability of mammalian cells from the oral cavity, make these substances promising for clinical use and should be taken into account for future studies.

中文翻译：

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口腔环境中大麻二酚和大麻醇的抗菌膜和免疫调节活性——体外研究

目的：评价大麻二酚（CBD）和大麻醇（CBG）的体外抗菌和抗生物膜特性以及​​对口腔细菌和牙周膜成纤维细胞（PLF）的免疫调节活性。方法：通过碘化丙啶流式细胞术评估牙周膜成纤维细胞的细胞毒性。测定了 CBD 和 CBG 对变形链球菌和白色念珠菌的最低抑制浓度 (MIC)，以及 CBD 和 CBG 处理下龈下 33 种生物膜的代谢活性。使用 LEGENDplex 试剂盒（BioLegend，参考号 740930，圣地亚哥，加利福尼亚州，美国）进行细胞因子的定量。结果：CBD处理的细胞活力大于95%，CBG处理的细胞活力大于88%。含有 CBD 的变形链球菌的 MIC 为 20 µM，CBG 的 MIC 为 10 µM。对于白色念珠菌，没有观察到抑制作用。 CBD 浓度为 125 µg/mL (p = 0.03) 时，多物种生物膜代谢活性降低了 50.38%，CBG 浓度为 62 µg/mL (p = 0.023) 时，多物种生物膜代谢活性降低了 39.9%。 500 µg/mL 的 CBD 暴露使形成的生物膜的代谢活性降低了 15.41%，但 CBG 没有影响。 10 µM 的 CBG 在 12 小时时会产生大量抗炎介质，例如 TGF-β 和 IL-4。 10 µM 至 20 µM 的 CBD 产生最高量的 IFN-γ。结论：CBG和CBD均对变形链球菌有抑制作用；它们还适度降低形成的多物种生物膜的代谢活性；然而，CBD 对已经形成的生物膜有影响。再加上抗炎介质的产生和口腔哺乳动物细胞活力的维持，使这些物质具有临床应用前景，应在未来的研究中予以考虑。