Inter-basin water transfers have become an important means of water allocation to address imbalances in regional water distribution. Inter-basin water transfers often have a huge amount of engineering efforts and are accompanied by a large amount of carbon emissions generated during the life cycle. Previous studies usually suffer from problems such as rough data lists, difficulty in obtaining some background data, and failure to adopt a dynamic perspective. In this study, the Yellow Water East Diversion Project in China is taken as a case study, and hybrid LCA is utilized to make up for the background data that are difficult to obtain by traditional LCA, which enhances the comprehensiveness of the study results. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted with seawater desalination, which is also used as a supplementary water resource supply method, and scenarios of power structure changes with different intensities are considered. It is found that carbon emissions due to pipelines and electricity are the main sources of carbon emissions from the Yellow Water Eastward Transfer Project. Inter-basin water transfer has lower carbon emissions compared to desalination. Recommendations for optimizing carbon emission reduction are also made. The results of this study enrich the life cycle carbon emission inventory and provide basic data on carbon emissions for water resources management in other regions. The construction of the methodological system can be used as a reference for carbon emission studies in other fields.

中文翻译：

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跨流域调水工程碳足迹评价及碳减排路径研究——以我国引黄东线工程为例

跨流域调水已成为解决区域水分配不平衡问题的重要水资源配置手段。跨流域调水往往工程量巨大，并伴随着生命周期中产生的大量碳排放。以往的研究通常存在数据清单粗糙、部分背景数据难以获取、未能采用动态视角等问题。本研究以我国黄水东调工程为案例，利用混合LCA弥补了传统LCA难以获取的背景数据，增强了研究结果的综合性。此外，还与海水淡化作为补充水资源供应方式进行了对比分析，并考虑了不同强度的电力结构变化情景。研究发现，管道和电力碳排放是黄水东调工程碳排放的主要来源。与海水淡化相比，跨流域调水的碳排放量较低。还提出了优化碳减排的建议。本研究成果丰富了生命周期碳排放清单，为其他地区水资源管理提供碳排放基础数据。该方法体系的构建可为其他领域的碳排放研究提供参考。