The deformation behavior of materials at high temperatures determines the structural stability of mechanical structures under high-temperature service conditions. In this work, we prepare helical springs from 304 stainless-steel wires and study creep-recovery deformation of the helical springs under small forces at temperatures of 475–575 °C. In contrast to most methods reported in the literature, we use Kelvin representation of the Burgers model with a nonlinear dashpot in series connection to analyze the creep-recovery deformation of the helical springs and suggest the deformation mechanisms of the diffusion of interstitial atoms and dislocation generation/annihilation in transient creep and recovery of the helical springs under small forces. For the creep deformation, the stress exponent and activation energy for the plastic flow of the nonlinear dashpot are 2 and 57.8 kJ/mol, respectively, and the activation energy for the deformation flow of the linear dashpot is 41.8 kJ/mol. The nonlinear dashpot does not play any role in the recovery deformation, and the formation energy of defects for the recovery deformation of the helical springs is 51.4 kJ/mol. The approach used in this work provides a simple method to use a phenomenological model with a nonlinear dashpot to capture the power-law creep deformation of metallic materials.

中文翻译：

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304不锈钢弹簧在低力作用下的蠕变恢复变形

材料在高温下的变形行为决定了机械结构在高温使用条件下的结构稳定性。在这项工作中，我们用 304 不锈钢丝制备螺旋弹簧，并研究螺旋弹簧在 475–575 °C 温度下小力作用下的蠕变恢复变形。与文献中报道的大多数方法相比，我们使用具有串联非线性阻尼器的 Burgers 模型的开尔文表示来分析螺旋弹簧的蠕变恢复变形，并提出间隙原子扩散和位错产生的变形机制/在小力作用下螺旋弹簧的瞬时蠕变和恢复的消失。对于蠕变变形，非线性缓冲器塑性流动的应力指数和活化能为分别为2和57.8 kJ/mol，线性缓冲器变形流动的活化能为41.8 kJ/mol。非线性缓冲器对恢复变形不起任何作用，螺旋弹簧恢复变形的缺陷形成能为51.4 kJ/mol。这项工作中使用的方法提供了一种简单的方法，使用具有非线性缓冲器的唯象模型来捕获金属材料的幂律蠕变变形。