Driven by technology and the demand for charging, consumers will consider the vehicle quality and the number of charging stations when purchasing electric vehicles (EVs). This paper investigates the effects of the vehicle quality gap and the compatibility ratio of charging stations under a competitive strategy and a coopetition strategy. We develop the Hotelling model that captures manufacturers' decisions. Interestingly, we find that a coopetition strategy is chosen when the vehicle quality gap is smaller, or when the quality gap is medium and the compatibility ratio of charging stations is larger for the high-end vehicles manufacturer. Manufacturers and the government can achieve a win-win situation in a coopetition strategy, but consumer surplus is always the lowest in this strategy. In the extension model, we find a larger upgrade cost leads to a decrease in the number of charging stations and an increase in revenue for both manufacturers. The charging service fee affects only the EV price under a competitive strategy and affects both the EV price and the manufacturers' profits under a coopetition strategy over a certain time. The coopetition relationship between manufacturers changes the supply chain structure, guiding the development of EVs and charging stations.

中文翻译：

---

兼容电动汽车充电服务：祝福还是诅咒？

在技​​术和充电需求的驱动下，消费者在购买电动汽车时会考虑车辆质量和充电站数量。本文研究了竞争策略和合作策略下车辆质量差距和充电站兼容率的影响。我们开发了 Hotelling 模型来捕捉制造商的决策。有趣的是，我们发现高端汽车制造商在车辆质量差距较小时，或者质量差距中等且充电站兼容比较大时，会选择合作策略。制造商和政府在合作策略中可以实现双赢，但在该策略中消费者剩余总是最低的。在扩展模型中，我们发现较大的升级成本会导致充电站数量的减少以及两家制造商的收入增加。竞争策略下充电服务费仅影响电动汽车价格，而合作策略下充电服务费在一定时间内会影响电动汽车价格和制造商利润。制造商之间的合作关系改变了供应链结构，引导了电动汽车和充电站的发展。