In this study, zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films were deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) under high vacuum conditions, incorporating dual dopants manganese (Mn) and calcium (Ca). Morphological examination by AFM revealed that Mn promoted a uniform and smooth film structure, whereas Ca induced surface roughness. Optical characterization using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed high transparency in the visible range, with doping leading to significant alterations in the bandgap energy. Photoluminescence investigations displayed prominent emission peaks at 385 nm, 448 nm, and 560 nm, characteristic of ZnS bandgap emissions, as well as an additional peak at 600 nm due to the novel dopant's influence. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses verified the presence of ZnS and other constituents. Doping improved the optical and luminescent characteristics, offering potential for use in optoelectronics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and advanced technology development. This customizable approach to ZnS thin films presents innovative opportunities within material science and device manufacturing.

中文翻译：

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掺杂Mn和Ca的ZnS薄膜的形貌、光学和光致发光特性研究

在这项研究中，硫化锌 (ZnS) 薄膜是在高真空条件下通过物理气相沉积 (PVD) 沉积的，并掺入双掺杂剂锰 (Mn) 和钙 (Ca)。 AFM 形貌检查表明，Mn 促进均匀且光滑的薄膜结构，而 Ca 则导致表面粗糙度。使用紫外-可见光谱的光学表征显示出可见光范围内的高透明度，掺杂导致带隙能量的显着变化。光致发光研究显示出 385 nm、448 nm 和 560 nm 处的突出发射峰（ZnS 带隙发射的特征），以及由于新型掺杂剂的影响而在 600 nm 处出现的附加峰。 X 射线荧光 (XRF) 和傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 分析证实了 ZnS 和其他成分的存在。掺杂改善了光学和发光特性，为光电子、发光二极管 (LED) 和先进技术开发的应用提供了潜力。这种可定制的 ZnS 薄膜方法为材料科学和设备制造领域带来了创新机会。