Graphene displays extraordinary electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, generating substantial scientific interest and presenting vast potential across various applications. Raman spectroscopy is a versatile tool for identifying and characterizing the chemical and physical properties of newly discovered carbon-based materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and their artificial lattices. The Raman-active vibrational modes of graphene-related materials are sensitive to structural, electrical, and interfacial modifications. This sensitivity allows Raman spectroscopy to effectively study the interaction between graphene and other materials, such as molecules and bio-related samples, towards biosensing applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in Raman spectroscopy applied to graphene and its related materials, encompassing perspectives from fundamental research to practical applications, especially bio-related applications.

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石墨烯拉曼光谱的最新进展：面向生物传感应用

石墨烯表现出非凡的电子、光学和机械特性，引起了巨大的科学兴趣，并在各种应用中展现出巨大的潜力。拉曼光谱是一种多功能工具，用于识别和表征新发现的碳基材料（如石墨烯、碳纳米管及其人造晶格）的化学和物理特性。石墨烯相关材料的拉曼活性振动模式对结构、电学和界面修饰敏感。这种灵敏度使拉曼光谱能够有效地研究石墨烯与其他材料（例如分子和生物相关样品）之间的相互作用，以实现生物传感应用。本文综述了拉曼光谱应用于石墨烯及其相关材料的最新进展，涵盖了从基础研究到实际应用，特别是生物相关应用的视角。