Small-scale fisheries are a cornerstone of coastal livelihoods throughout Madagascar, providing income, nutrition, and a way of life to over half a million people. Due to limited state capacity, community-based management of marine resources has proliferated, with locally-managed marine areas (LMMAs) becoming a major avenue for coastal resource governance in Madagascar. Though case studies of LMMAs exist, little research has tracked their effectiveness over time. In 2016, the Marine Protected Areas Governance (MPAG) framework was used to critically assess the governance of the Ankobohobo wetland’s mud crab fishery: the first analysis of a fishery produced using the framework. This study revisits Ankobohobo using the same methodology three years later, representing the first longitudinal application of the framework. Overall, participants throughout the fishery revealed a lack of progress towards management goals and emphasized the vulnerability of the governance model to external drivers of change. Despite substantial efforts from fishers and fishing associations to secure sustainable crab fishing, progress is hindered by an absence of support from the state or NGOs. Persistent challenges include intensified mangrove logging, declining crab stocks, increased fishing effort, and entrenched poverty. These are driven by factors beyond the communities’ control: global markets, population growth, migration, and a lack of viable, income-generating activities. These findings emphasise that a purely bottom-up, community-led approach cannot address external drivers. Effective governance requires a diversity of actors and incentives combining bottom-up and top-down approaches. The absence of this in Ankobohobo explains the lack of progress in the three years between these assessments.

中文翻译：

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地方管理海域的纵向治理分析：马达加斯加 Ankobohobo 湿地小规模青蟹渔业

小规模渔业是马达加斯加沿海生计的基石，为超过 50 万人提供收入、营养和生活方式。由于国家能力有限，以社区为基础的海洋资源管理激增，地方管理海洋区（LMMA）成为马达加斯加沿海资源治理的主要途径。尽管存在 LMMA 的案例研究，但很少有研究跟踪其随时间推移的有效性。 2016 年，海洋保护区治理 (MPAG) 框架被用来严格评估 Ankobohobo 湿地青蟹渔业的治理：首次对使用该框架进行的渔业进行分析。三年后，这项研究使用相同的方法重新审视了 Ankobohobo，这是该框架的首次纵向应用。总体而言，整个渔业的参与者都透露，在实现管理目标方面缺乏进展，并强调治理模式容易受到外部变革驱动因素的影响。尽管渔民和渔业协会为确保可持续螃蟹捕捞做出了巨大努力，但由于缺乏国家或非政府组织的支持，进展受到阻碍。持续存在的挑战包括红树林砍伐加剧、螃蟹种群减少、捕捞努力增加以及根深蒂固的贫困。这些都是由社区无法控制的因素驱动的：全球市场、人口增长、移民以及缺乏可行的创收活动。这些发现强调，纯粹自下而上、社区主导的方法无法解决外部驱动因素。有效的治理需要多元化的参与者和激励措施，并结合自下而上和自上而下的方法。 Ankobohobo 中缺乏这一点解释了这些评估之间三年内缺乏进展的原因。