This study investigated the impact of neonatal exposure to endocrine-active compounds (EACs): flutamide (antiandrogen), 4--octylphenol (an estrogenic compound), and methoxychlor (an organochlorine insecticide exhibiting estrogenic, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities) on androgen production within porcine adrenal glands. The expression of genes related to androgen synthesis and the level of androgen production were analyzed (i) in the adrenal glands of piglets exposed to EACs during the first 10 days of life ( study), and (ii) in adrenal explants from sow-fed or formula-fed 10-day-old piglets incubated with EACs ( study). EACs affected the expression of genes linked to adrenal androgen biosynthesis. The prominent effect of methoxychlor on downregulation of , and and upregulation of and were demonstrated. Furthermore, our study revealed divergent response to EACs between sow-fed and formula-fed piglets, suggesting that natural feeding may provide protection against adverse EACs effects, particularly those interfering with estrogens action.

中文翻译：

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内分泌活性化合物对新生期猪肾上腺雄激素产生的影响

本研究调查了新生儿接触内分泌活性化合物 (EAC)：氟他胺（抗雄激素）、4-辛基苯酚（一种雌激素化合物）和甲氧滴滴涕（一种具有雌激素、抗雌激素和抗雄激素活性的有机氯杀虫剂）对体内雄激素产生的影响。猪肾上腺。分析了与雄激素合成相关的基因表达和雄激素产生水平：(i) 在出生后 10 天接触 EAC 的仔猪的肾上腺中（研究），以及 (ii) 来自母猪饲喂的肾上腺外植体或用配方奶喂养的 10 日龄仔猪与 EAC 一起孵育（研究）。 EAC 影响与肾上腺雄激素生物合成相关的基因的表达。甲氧滴滴涕对 、 和 的下调以及 和 的上调具有显着效果。此外，我们的研究揭示了母猪喂养和配方奶喂养的仔猪对 EAC 的不同反应，这表明自然喂养可以防止 EAC 的不利影响，特别是那些干扰雌激素作用的影响。