Reducing embodied carbon emissions in buildings and striving for carbon neutrality through sustainable design has become a primary goal in the construction industry. The industry is expanding its use of wood-engineered products, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) to achieve those sustainability goals. Furthermore, replacing steel fasteners with lower embodied carbon alternatives is gaining increased attention in timber engineering. This paper aims to quantify the mechanical behavior of single shear-plane CLT-to-CLT joints using hardwood dowels. The study includes 154 single shear-plane experimental tests with four different CLT species, two hardwood dowel species, and two dowel diameters. The test specimens were subjected to cyclic and monotonic loading until failure, and mechanical properties such as yielding and ultimate strength, serviceability and yielding stiffness, and ductility were quantified. The hardwood dowel CLT-to-CLT joints demonstrated high strength with up to 10.3 kN (2.3 kips) capacity per dowel and lateral stiffness of up to 5.2 kN/mm (30.8 k/in) per dowel. This strength and stiffness are roughly equivalent to or exceed values for mass timber wood screws, making hardwood dowels a good alternative. In addition, the observed mean ductility of joints ranged from 2.4 to 4.5. Finally, analytical equations for the joints' yielding strength, lateral serviceability stiffness, and yielding stiffness were derived with non-linear regression analysis and validated using the experimental test results.

中文翻译：

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使用硬木销钉的单剪切面 CLT 与 CLT 接头的单调测试

通过可持续设计减少建筑物的隐含碳排放并努力实现碳中和已成为建筑行业的首要目标。该行业正在扩大交叉层压木材 (CLT) 等木质工程产品的使用，以实现这些可持续发展目标。此外，用低碳替代品替代钢紧固件在木材工程中越来越受到关注。本文旨在量化使用硬木销钉的单剪切面 CLT 到 CLT 接头的机械行为。该研究包括 154 个单剪切面实验测试，涉及四种不同的 CLT 树种、两种硬木销钉品种和两种销钉直径。测试样本承受循环和单调载荷直至失效，并对屈服强度和极限强度、适用性和屈服刚度以及延展性等机械性能进行了量化。硬木销钉 CLT 到 CLT 接头具有高强度，每个销钉的承载能力高达 10.3 kN (2.3 kips)，每个销钉的横向刚度高达 5.2 kN/mm (30.8 k/in)。这种强度和刚度大致相当于或超过大量木材木螺钉的值，使硬木销钉成为一个很好的替代品。此外，观察到的接头平均延展性范围为 2.4 至 4.5。最后，通过非线性回归分析导出了接头屈服强度、横向适用刚度和屈服刚度的解析方程，并利用实验测试结果进行了验证。