The energy trilemma concept provides an important framework for understanding the multidimensional nature of energy policy and planning. It captures three fundamental challenges that highlight the complex interrelationships among energy security, equity, and sustainability. However, effectively addressing these challenges requires a refined understanding of local contexts, regional differences, and governance. This study expands this framework by introducing a context dimension that includes socioeconomic, environmental, and governance factors to complement the Energy Trilemma Index, resulting in the "energy quadrilemma." This framework allows for a more comprehensive examination of regional energy transition challenges in Brazil. The results reveal significant regional disparities, highlighting energy access as a source of socio-spatial inequality in Brazil. The Northeast region excels in energy security, while the Southeast lags in electricity independence. The South, Southeast, and Midwest have outstanding energy equity and environmental sustainability scores. Context indicators exhibit low scores in all regions, particularly in the North and Northeast. In addition, areas with the highest poverty scores have also limited digital access. These findings highlight the need for effective strategies and policies to address the multifaceted challenges of the energy quadrilemma, integrating socioeconomic and governance dimensions to advance energy transitions and planning at the regional level.

中文翻译：

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能源四难挑战——巴西分散能源转型的见解

能源三难困境概念为理解能源政策和规划的多维性质提供了一个重要框架。它抓住了三个基本挑战，突出了能源安全、公平和可持续性之间复杂的相互关系。然而，有效应对这些挑战需要对当地情况、区域差异和治理有深入的了解。本研究通过引入包括社会经济、环境和治理因素的背景维度来扩展该框架，以补充能源三难困境指数，从而产生“能源四难困境”。该框架可以更全面地审查巴西的区域能源转型挑战。结果揭示了显着的地区差异，凸显了能源获取是巴西社会空间不平等的一个根源。东北地区能源安全较好，东南地区电力独立程度较差。南部、东南部和中西部地区的能源公平性和环境可持续性得分出色。所有地区的背景指标得分都较低，特别是在北部和东北部。此外，贫困分数最高的地区的数字访问也受到限制。这些发现强调需要制定有效的战略和政策来解决能源四难的多方面挑战，整合社会经济和治理层面，以推进区域层面的能源转型和规划。