Using a controlled experiment, we study the dynamic effects of feedback on decision‐making across verbal skills and math. Before feedback, men are more optimistic about their performance and more willing to compete than women, especially in math. While feedback shifts individuals' beliefs and behavior, we see substantial persistence of gender gaps 1 week later. This is particularly true among individuals who receive negative feedback. Our results are not well‐explained by motivated reasoning; in fact, negative feedback is more likely to be recalled than positive feedback. Overall, our results highlight the challenges involved in overcoming gender gaps in dynamic settings.

中文翻译：

---

对刻板印象、信念更新和行为的（动态）调查

通过对照实验，我们研究了反馈对语言技能和数学决策的动态影响。在反馈之前，男性比女性对自己的表现更加乐观，也更愿意竞争，尤其是在数学方面。虽然反馈会改变个人的信念和行为，但我们发现 1 周后性别差距仍然存在。对于收到负面反馈的个人来说尤其如此。我们的结果并不能通过动机推理得到很好的解释；事实上，负面反馈比正面反馈更容易被记住。总体而言，我们的结果凸显了在动态环境中克服性别差距所面临的挑战。