BackgroundThe continuous cultivation of Rice‐Wheat (R‐W) in the same field is a key element of double‐cropping systems in the Indo‐Gangetic plains (IGP). Yields of such cropping systems are increasingly challenged as climate change drives increases in temperature, terminal stress, uneven rainfall, delaying rice harvesting and subsequent delay sowing of wheat.ObjectivesIn this paper, we evaluate the optimum sowing dates to achieve the high grain yield and quality of wheat cultivars in northwest India.Materials and MethodsThree cultivars of wheat HD‐2967, HD‐3086, and PBW‐723 were sown on three different dates at the research farm of ICAR‐IARI, New Delhi, to generate different weather conditions at different phenological stages. The different biophysical attributes, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, were measured at different phenological stages. Yield and grain quality parameters such as protein, starch, amylopectin, amylose, and gluten were measured in different cultivars sown on different dates.ResultsBiophysical parameters were found to be higher in timely sown crops followed by late sown and very late sown crops. Further, the different sowing dates had a significant (p<0.05) impact on the grain quality parameters such as protein, starch, amylopectin, amylose, and gluten content. Percentage increase in the value of starch and amylose content under timely sown were ~7% & 11.6% and ~5% & 8.4%, compared to the very late sown treatment. In contrary, protein and amylopectin content were found to increase in ~9.7% & 7.5% and ~13.8% & 16.6% under very late sown treatment.ConclusionHigh‐temperature stress during the grain‐filling periods significantly decreased the grain yield. Reduction in the grain yield was associated with the reduction in starch and amylose content in the grains. The protein content in the grain is less affected by the terminal heat stress. Cultivars, HD‐3086 had higher growth, yield as well as quality parameters, compared to HD‐2967 and PBW‐723 in all treatments, hence could be adopted by farmers in North‐West India.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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延迟播种及其后果：印度恒河平原西北部小麦品种的生物物理、产量和品质分析

背景稻麦同田连作（R-W）是印度恒河平原（IGP）双熟制度的关键要素。由于气候变化导致气温升高、终端胁迫、降雨不均、水稻收获推迟以及随后小麦播种推迟，此类耕作制度的产量日益受到挑战。 目的本文评估最佳播种日期，以实现粮食高产和高品质印度西北部小麦品种的研究。材料和方法三个小麦品种 HD-2967、HD-3086 和 PBW-723 在新德里 ICAR-IARI 研究农场的三个不同日期播种，以在不同的天气条件下产生不同的天气条件。物候阶段。在不同物候阶段测量不同的生物物理属性，如光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率。在不同日期播种的不同品种中测量了蛋白质、淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉和面筋等产量和籽粒质量参数。结果发现，及时播种的作物的生物物理参数较高，其次是晚播和极晚播的作物。此外，不同的播种日期对蛋白质、淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉和面筋含量等谷物品质参数有显着影响（p<0.05）。与极晚播种处理相比，及时播种的淀粉和直链淀粉含量增加百分比分别为~7%和11.6%以及~5%和8.4%。相反，在极晚播种处理下，蛋白质和支链淀粉含量增加了~9.7%和7.5%以及~13.8%和16.6%。结论灌浆期高温胁迫显着降低了籽粒产量。谷物产量的减少与谷物中淀粉和直链淀粉含量的减少有关。谷物中的蛋白质含量受终末热应激的影响较小。在所有处理中，与 HD-2967 和 PBW-723 相比，HD-3086 品种具有更高的生长、产量和质量参数，因此可以被印度西北部的农民采用。本文受版权保护。版权所有。