The suppression of high-energy cosmic rays, known as Forbush decreases (FDs), represents a promising factor in influencing the global electric circuit (GEC) system. Researchers have delved into these effects by examining variations, often disruptive, of the potential gradient (PG) in ground-based measurements taken in fair weather regions. In this paper, we aim to investigate deviations observed in the diurnal curve of the PG, as compared to the mean values derived from fair weather conditions, during both mild and strong Forbush decreases. Unlike the traditional classification of FDs, which are based on ground level neutron monitor data, we classify FDs using measurements of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) on the International Space Station. To conduct our analysis, we employ the superposed epoch method, focusing on PGs collected between January 2010 and December 2019 at a specific station situated at a low latitude and high altitude: the Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO) in Argentina (31.78°S, 2,550 m above sea level). Our findings reveal that for events associated with FDs having flux amplitude (A) decrease ≤10%, no significant change in the PG is observed. However, for FDs with A > 10%, a clear increase in the PG is seen. For these A > 10% events, we also find a good correlation between the variation of Dst and Kp indices and the variation of PG.

中文翻译：

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福布什下降对全球电路的影响

高能宇宙射线的抑制，即福布什衰减 (FD)，是影响全球电路 (GEC) 系统的一个有希望的因素。研究人员通过检查在晴朗天气地区进行的地面测量中潜在梯度（PG）的变化（通常是破坏性的）来深入研究这些影响。在本文中，我们的目的是研究在福布什温和和强烈下降期间，与公平天气条件下得出的平均值相比，在 PG 日曲线中观察到的偏差。与基于地面中子监测数据的传统 FD 分类不同，我们使用国际空间站上的阿尔法磁谱仪 (AMS-02) 的测量结果对 FD 进行分类。为了进行分析，我们采用叠加历元法，重点关注 2010 年 1 月至 2019 年 12 月期间在低纬度和高海拔特定站点收集的 PG：阿根廷的 Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO)（南纬 31.78°，海拔 2,550 米）。我们的研究结果表明，对于与通量幅度 ( A ) 降低 ≤10%的 FD 相关的事件，未观察到 PG 的显着变化。然而，对于A  > 10% 的 FD，可以看到 PG 明显增加。对于这些A  > 10% 的事件，我们还发现 Dst 和 Kp 指数的变化与 PG 的变化之间存在良好的相关性。