An innovative approach, a microbial fuel cell (MFC), oxidizes organic wastes and substrates to generate electricity and reduce wastewater pollution. In the current day, the scientific community is focused on bringing this technology to a larger scale. Despite all attempts, generating electrons remains a challenge. It shows that the organic substrate is not stable and compactable with bacterial populations. To address this issue, easily available local sweet potato waste (SPW) was used as an organic substrate, while hydroquinone wastewater was used as MFC inoculation as well. After 20 days of operation, the system generated 150 mV and had a 65% hydroquinone degradation efficiency. The current density was 46.05 mA/m², and the power density was 1.09 mW/m². Analytical testing demonstrated that the redox reaction occurred gradually and oxidized the substrate. Similarly, SEM–EDX revealed an effective growth rate of biofilm throughout the process. The most prevalent bacteria identified in this study were Pectobacterium, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. According to the parameter optimization, natural conditions are the most feasible for MFC to generate electricity. Finally, the mechanism of degradation (hydroquinone and sweet potato waste) and the latest challenges with future suggestions are enclosed briefly.

微生物燃料电池 (MFC) 是一种创新方法，可氧化有机废物和底物来发电并减少废水污染。如今，科学界正致力于将这项技术推广到更大规模。尽管做出了各种尝试，产生电子仍然是一个挑战。这表明有机底物不稳定并且不能与细菌种群紧密结合。为了解决这个问题，使用容易获得的当地甘薯废物（SPW）作为有机底物，同时使用对苯二酚废水作为 MFC 接种。运行20天后，系统产生150 mV电压，对苯二酚降解效率为65%。电流密度为46.05mA/m ²，功率密度为1.09mW/m ²。分析测试表明氧化还原反应逐渐发生并氧化底物。同样，SEM-EDX 显示了整个过程中生物膜的有效生长速率。本研究中发现的最常见细菌是果杆菌属、克雷伯氏菌属和肠杆菌属。根据参数优化，自然条件最适合MFC发电。最后，简要介绍了降解机制（对苯二酚和甘薯废物）以及最新的挑战和未来的建议。