Food security, a critical concern amid global population growth, faces challenges in sustainable agricultural production due to significant yield losses caused by plant diseases, with a multitude of them caused by seedborne plant pathogen. With the expansion of the international seed market with global movement of this propagative plant material, and considering that about 90% of economically important crops grown from seeds, seed pathology emerged as an important discipline. Seed health testing is presently part of quality analysis and carried out by seed enterprises and governmental institutions looking forward to exclude a new pathogen in a country or site. The development of seedborne pathogens detection methods has been following the plant pathogen detection and diagnosis advances, from the use of cultivation on semi-selective media, to antibodies and DNA-based techniques. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) associated with artificial intelligence can be considered the new frontier for seedborne pathogen detection with high accuracy in discriminating infected from healthy seeds. The development of the process consists of standardization of methods and protocols with the validation of spectral signatures for presence and incidence of contamined seeds. Concurrently, epidemiological studies correlating this information with disease outbreaks would help in determining the acceptable thresholds of seed contamination. Despite the high costs of equipment and the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration, it is anticipated that health seed certifying programs and seed suppliers will benefit from the adoption of HSI techniques in the near future.

中文翻译：

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用于检测种子中植物病原体的高光谱成像：最新进展和挑战

粮食安全是全球人口增长中的一个关键问题，由于植物病害（其中许多是由种传植物病原体引起）造成的巨大产量损失，可持续农业生产面临着挑战。随着国际种子市场的扩大以及这种繁殖植物材料的全球流动，并且考虑到约 90% 的重要经济作物是由种子种植的，种子病理学成为一门重要学科。种子健康检测目前是质量分析的一部分，由希望排除某个国家或地区的新病原体的种子企业和政府机构进行。种传病原体检测方法的发展一直跟随植物病原体检测和诊断的进展，从使用半选择性培养基培养到抗体和基于 DNA 的技术。与人工智能相关的高光谱成像（HSI）可以被认为是种子传播病原体检测的新领域，可以高精度区分感染种子和健康种子。该过程的开发包括方法和协议的标准化以及受污染种子的存在和发生率的光谱特征验证。同时，将这些信息与疾病爆发相关联的流行病学研究将有助于确定种子污染的可接受阈值。尽管设备成本高昂且需要跨学科合作，但预计健康种子认证计划和种子供应商将在不久的将来受益于 HSI 技术的采用。