Nonperiodic perturbations are incorporated into extended interaction klystron (EIK) to broaden the bandwidth, overcoming the dilemma of effective interaction between the beam and three or more axial resonances. The theoretical exploration delves into the impact of gap position perturbations on the periodic extended interaction cavity. Furthermore, application examples demonstrating multimode operation in nonperiodic cavities are presented and validated through comprehensive full-wave simulations. Subsequently, a seven-cavity interaction circuit of a ${G}$ -band wideband EIK amplifier operating in 220 GHz is designed to further validate the nonperiodic design approach. The 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation predicts a constant 35-mW-drive bandwidth of 6.76 GHz and the corresponding maximum output power of 74 W for the designed power amplifier driven by a 20.6-kV, 0.25-A electron beam.

中文翻译：

---

通过非周期扰动拓宽扩展交互速调管的带宽

将非周期扰动纳入扩展相互作用速调管（EIK）中以拓宽带宽，克服光束与三个或更多轴向谐振之间有效相互作用的困境。理论探索深入研究了间隙位置扰动对周期性扩展相互作用腔的影响。此外，还通过全面的全波仿真展示和验证了非周期腔中多模操作的应用示例。随后，一个七腔交互电路 ${G}$ 工作频率为 220 GHz 的宽带 EIK 放大器旨在进一步验证非周期设计方法。 3D 单元内粒子 (PIC) 仿真预测由 20.6 kV、0.25 A 电子驱动的设计功率放大器的恒定 35 mW 驱动带宽为 6.76 GHz，相应的最大输出功率为 74 W光束。