Urban watercourses are an essential part of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) that can mitigate the negative impact of habitat loss resulting from urbanization. Many studies on temperate urban bats activity did not concern its seasonal variations. Our work evaluated the bats’ activity and occurrence in different urban riverside environments throughout the vegetation period. Our results showed that long-range echolocators were represented mainly by Nyctalus noctula. Their activity peak occurred in late summer in open habitats of high anthropogenic pressure levels, and at least part of the population was present year-round in the city. Recently reported from Cracow: Hypsugo savii and Pipistrellus kuhlii were confirmed in the medium-range echolocators. The high occurrence of P. pygmeus with a relatively low P. pipistrellus was noteworthy and is probably a result of the low competitiveness of the latter in the presence of P. kuhlii. Two spring and late summer activity peaks on different rivers suggest different migration corridors from and to hibernacula. However, the autumn activity in the city center may also indicate partial hibernation in the old town. The activity peak of short-range echolocators occurred in spring, as expected - mainly in a narrow riverbed and low anthropogenic pressure environments. However, ambiguous spring and late summer activity in the open with the highest anthropogenic pressure environment may result from the rapidly progressing synurbization of M. daubentonii. Our results indicate the need to monitor the bat adaptation process to the cities in the context of dynamic climatic and environmental changes.

城市水道是蓝绿基础设施（BGI）的重要组成部分，可以减轻城市化造成的栖息地丧失的负面影响。许多关于温带城市蝙蝠活动的研究并未关注其季节变化。我们的工作评估了蝙蝠在整个植被期内在不同城市河滨环境中的活动和发生情况。我们的结果表明，远程回声定位器主要以夜蛾（Nyctalus noctula）为代表。它们的活动高峰发生在夏末，在人为压力水平较高的开阔栖息地，至少有部分种群全年居住在城市中。最近来自克拉科夫的报道：在中程回声定位器中确认了Hypsugo savii和Pipistrellus kuhlii 。值得注意的是，P. pygmeus的出现率较高，而P. pipistrellus的出现率相对较低，这可能是由于P. kuhlii存在时后者的竞争力较低。不同河流上的两个春季和夏末活动高峰表明了冬眠的不同迁徙走廊。然而，市中心的秋季活动也可能预示着老城区的部分冬眠。正如预期的那样，短程回声定位器的活动高峰出现在春季——主要是在狭窄的河床和低人为压力环境中。然而，在人为压力最高的环境中，春季和夏末的模糊活动可能是由于道本托尼藻快速进行的协同化造成的。我们的结果表明需要在动态气候和环境变化的背景下监测蝙蝠对城市的适应过程。