Schistosomiasis, also called bilharziasis, is a neglected tropical disease induced by schistosomes that infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. In the life cycle of schistosomiasis, eggs are regarded as the main pathogenic factor, causing granuloma formation in the tissues and organs of hosts, which can cause severe gastrointestinal and liver granulomatous immune responses and irreversible fibrosis. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences the progression of schistosomiasis and plays a central role in liver disease via the gut–liver axis. When used as pharmaceutical supplements or adjunctive therapy, probiotics have shown promising results in preventing, mitigating, and even treating schistosomiasis. This review elucidates the potential mechanisms of this three-way parasite–host–microbiome interaction by summarizing schistosome-mediated intestinal flora disorders, local immune changes, and host metabolic changes, and elaborates the important role of the gut microbiome in liver disease after schistosome infection through the gut–liver axis. Understanding the mechanisms behind this interaction may aid in the discovery of probiotics as novel therapeutic targets and sustainable control strategies for schistosomiasis.

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血吸虫感染与宿主肠道微生物相互作用的研究进展

血吸虫病，也称为血吸虫病，是一种由血吸虫引起的被忽视的热带疾病，感染全世界数亿人。在血吸虫病的生命周期中，虫卵被视为主要致病因素，引起宿主组织器官肉芽肿形成，可引起严重的胃肠道和肝脏肉芽肿性免疫反应和不可逆纤维化。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群影响血吸虫病的进展，并通过肠-肝轴在肝脏疾病中发挥核心作用。当用作药物补充剂或辅助治疗时，益生菌在预防、减轻甚至治疗血吸虫病方面显示出良好的效果。该综述通过总结血吸虫介导的肠道菌群紊乱、局部免疫变化和宿主代谢变化，阐明了寄生虫-宿主-微生物三向相互作用的潜在机制，并阐述了肠道微生物在血吸虫感染后肝脏疾病中的重要作用通过肠-肝轴。了解这种相互作用背后的机制可能有助于发现益生菌作为血吸虫病的新治疗靶点和可持续控制策略。