Nanorefrigerants are considered the most efficient heat transfer fluids for improving heat transfer properties in the refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. For the first time in this study, energy, exergy, and environmental evaluation (3E) analyses were performed by the addition of different nanoparticles to a low GWP refrigerant pair such as R290/R1233ZDE in a cascade refrigeration system. CNT, CuO, and, TiO nanoparticles were added to the refrigerant. The effect of nanoparticles on the cascade refrigeration system was analyzed using a model based on density changes. A detailed thermodynamic analysis was performed of the cascade refrigeration system at different evaporator temperatures and mass ratios. The power consumption of the compressor decreases as the evaporator temperature increases for all types of nanoparticles, resulting in an increase in COP values. The analyses showed that CuO nanoparticles had the highest performance. It has been observed that the energy and exergy efficiency increase as compressor work decreases with increasing mass ratios in all nanorefrigerants. In addition, the results indicated that all nanorefrigerants emit lower monthly CO emissions compared to the pure refrigerants. The nanorefrigerants play a crucial role in reducing energy consumption and promoting environmental protection compared to traditional refrigerants.

中文翻译：

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使用纳米制冷剂的复叠蒸汽压缩制冷系统分析：能源、火用和环境（3E）

纳米制冷剂被认为是改善制冷和空调设备传热性能的最有效的传热流体。本研究首次通过在复叠制冷系统中的低 GWP 制冷剂对（例如 R290/R1233ZDE）中添加不同的纳米颗粒来进行能源、火用和环境评估 (3E) 分析。 CNT、CuO 和 TiO 纳米颗粒被添加到制冷剂中。使用基于密度变化的模型分析了纳米颗粒对复叠制冷系统的影响。对不同蒸发器温度和质量比下的复叠制冷系统进行了详细的热力学分析。对于所有类型的纳米粒子，压缩机的功耗随着蒸发器温度的升高而降低，从而导致 COP 值增加。分析表明，CuO纳米粒子具有最高的性能。据观察，随着所有纳米制冷剂质量比的增加，压缩机功降低，能量和火用效率增加。此外，结果表明，与纯制冷剂相比，所有纳米制冷剂每月的二氧化碳排放量较低。与传统制冷剂相比，纳米制冷剂在降低能耗、促进环境保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用。