The current study addresses criticisms of the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) model, specifically its limited focus on adversities outside the home and gender-based differences. We compare a diverse set of expanded ACEs to seminal household-focused ACEs individually, cumulatively, and in their relationship with delinquency by gender. Utilizing National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence data (NatSCEV I-III) ( = 5114), we compare seminal and expanded ACEs, examining their prevalence and individual and cumulative impact on delinquency for boys and girls. Results reveal gender similarities and disparities in the prevalence of ACEs and their association with delinquency. Seminal household-based ACEs are generally more prevalent and impactful among girls, while there is greater prevalence and salience of adversities outside the home for boys. Girls exhibit higher seminal ACEs scores and a corresponding greater association with delinquency than boys, while expanded ACEs scores show no significant gender differences in prevalence or association with delinquency. Findings suggest that the narrow focus of the seminal ACEs on household-based adversities may bias the index towards girls and underestimate adversities relevant to boys. Future research and practice should broaden the ACEs index to encompass contexts beyond the home.

中文翻译：

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将 ACE 指数扩展到家庭之外：对逆境与犯罪关系的性别评估

目前的研究解决了对不良童年经历（ACE）模型的批评，特别是其对家庭以外的逆境和基于性别的差异的有限关注。我们将一系列不同的扩展 ACE 与以家庭为中心的重要 ACE 进行了单独、累积比较，以及它们与按性别划分的犯罪行为的关系。利用全国儿童遭受暴力调查数据 (NatSCEV I-III) ( = 5114)，我们比较了开创性的和扩展的 ACE，检查了它们的发生率以及对男孩和女孩犯罪的个人和累积影响。结果揭示了 ACE 发生率及其与犯罪的关系的性别相似性和差异。以家庭为基础的 ACE 通常在女孩中更为普遍且影响更大，而对于男孩来说，家庭以外的逆境则更为普遍且更为突出。与男孩相比，女孩表现出更高的原始 ACE 分数，并且与犯罪的相关性更大，而扩大的 ACE 分数显示，在患病率或与犯罪的关联方面没有显着的性别差异。研究结果表明，影响深远的 ACE 狭隘地关注家庭逆境可能会使该指数偏向女孩，并低估与男孩相关的逆境。未来的研究和实践应该扩大 ACE 指数以涵盖家庭以外的环境。