Interfacial solar desalination (ISE) emerges as a promising strategy to tackle the worldwide freshwater shortage. However, developing cost-effective solar evaporators that demonstrate exceptional evaporation rates while maintaining high salt-resistance is a tremendous challenge. This study introduces a three-dimensional (3D) solar evaporator, referred to as PPy-WMS, which is developed by employing a straightforward solution reaction to decorate polypyrrole (PPy) onto a waste mop sponge (WMS). The 3D PPy-WMS solar evaporator can capture ambient energy. When the exposure height is 6 cm, the PPy-WMS achieves an exceptional evaporation rate of 3.66 kg m h under 1-solar intensity. The macropore structure in WMS promotes water transport and facilitates salt ions backflow, resulting in high salt-resistance. The evaporation rate maintains at 2.91 kg m h when desalinating simulated seawater (20 wt%). Outdoor desalination experiments exhibit that 1 m of PPy-WMS can extract about 15 kg of freshwater per day. This economical and straightforwardly designed solar evaporator exhibits outstanding salt-resistance, presenting a viable remedy to address global freshwater scarcity.

中文翻译：

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高耐盐聚吡咯装饰废拖把海绵太阳能蒸发器高效海水淡化

界面太阳能海水淡化（ISE）成为解决全球淡水短缺问题的一项有前途的战略。然而，开发具有成本效益的太阳能蒸发器，在保持高耐盐性的同时表现出卓越的蒸发率是一个巨大的挑战。本研究介绍了一种三维 (3D) 太阳能蒸发器，称为 PPy-WMS，它是通过采用简单的溶液反应将聚吡咯 (PPy) 装饰到废拖把海绵 (WMS) 上而开发的。 3D PPy-WMS 太阳能蒸发器可以捕获环境能量。当暴露高度为 6 cm 时，PPy-WMS 在 1 太阳强度下实现了 3.66 kg m h 的优异蒸发速率。 WMS的大孔结构促进水分输送并有利于盐离子回流，从而具有高耐盐性。当淡化模拟海水（20 wt%）时，蒸发速率保持在2.91 kg m h。室外海水淡化实验表明，1 m 的 PPy-WMS 每天可提取约 15 kg 淡水。这种经济且设计简单的太阳能蒸发器具有出色的耐盐性，为解决全球淡水短缺问题提供了可行的补救措施。