Nerve conduction studies are usually the first diagnostic step in peripheral nerve disorders and their results are the basis for planning further investigations. However, there are some commonplaces in the interpretation of electrodiagnostic findings in peripheral neuropathies that, although useful in the everyday practice, may be misleading: (1) conduction block and abnormal temporal dispersion are distinctive features of acquired demyelinating disorders; (2) hereditary neuropathies are characterized by uniform slowing of conduction velocity; (3) axonal neuropathies are simply diagnosed by reduced amplitude of motor and sensory nerve action potentials with normal or slightly slow conduction velocity. In this review, we reappraise the occurrence of uniform and non‐uniform conduction velocity slowing, conduction block and temporal dispersion in demyelinating, dysmyelinating and axonal neuropathies attempting, with a translational approach, a correlation between electrophysiological and pathological features as derived from sensory nerve biopsy in patients and animal models. Additionally, we provide some hints to navigate in this complex field.

中文翻译：

---

脱髓鞘、髓鞘形成障碍和轴突神经病中的传导减慢、传导阻滞和时间分散：电生理学与病理学的结合

神经传导研究通常是周围神经疾病的第一步诊断步骤，其结果是计划进一步研究的基础。然而，在周围神经病电诊断结果的解释中存在一些常见现象，尽管在日常实践中有用，但可能会产生误导：（1）传导阻滞和异常时间分散是获得性脱髓鞘疾病的显着特征； (2) 遗传性神经病的特点是传导速度均匀减慢； (3) 轴突神经病可简单地通过传导速度正常或稍慢的运动和感觉神经动作电位幅度降低来诊断。在这篇综述中，我们重新评估了脱髓鞘、髓鞘形成障碍和轴突神经病中均匀和非均匀传导速度减慢、传导阻滞和时间分散的发生，试图通过平移方法，从感觉神经活检中得出电生理学和病理学特征之间的相关性在患者和动物模型中。此外，我们还提供了一些在这个复杂领域中导航的提示。