Thromboembolism is the culprit of cardiovascular diseases, leading to the highest global mortality rate. Anticoagulation emerges as the primary approach for managing thrombotic conditions. Notably, sulfated polysaccharides exhibit favorable anticoagulant efficacy with reduced side effects. This review focuses on the structure‐anticoagulant activity relationship of sulfated polysaccharides and the underlying action mechanisms. It is concluded that chlorosulfonicacid‐pyridine method serves as the preferred technique to synthesize sulfated polysaccharides. The anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharides is linked to the substitution site of sulfate groups, degree of substitution, molecular weight, main side chain structure, and glycosidic bond conformation. Moreover, sulfated polysaccharides exert anticoagulant activity via various pathways, including the inhibition of blood coagulation factors, activation of antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II, antiplatelet aggregation, and promotion of the fibrinolytic system.

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具有抗凝血潜力的硫酸多糖：构效关系和作用机制的综述

血栓栓塞是心血管疾病的罪魁祸首，导致全球死亡率最高。抗凝治疗成为治疗血栓性疾病的主要方法。值得注意的是，硫酸化多糖表现出良好的抗凝功效并减少副作用。本综述重点关注硫酸多糖的结构-抗凝活性关系及其潜在作用机制。结论是氯磺酸-吡啶法是合成硫酸多糖的首选技术。硫酸化多糖的抗凝血活性与硫酸基的取代位点、取代度、分子量、主侧链结构和糖苷键构象有关。此外，硫酸多糖通过多种途径发挥抗凝血活性，包括抑制凝血因子、激活抗凝血酶III和肝素辅因子II、抗血小板聚集以及促进纤溶系统。