Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) are a class of contaminants showing high toxicity, low biodegradability, and high bioaccumulation potential, especially chlorinated and brominated HOCs (Cl/Br-HOCs). Knowledge gaps exist on whether novel Cl/Br-HOCs could penetrate the placental barrier and cause adverse birth outcomes. Herein, 326 cord blood samples were collected in a hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province from February 2017 to January 2022, and 44 Cl/Br-HOCs were identified with communicating confidence level above 4 based on a nontarget approach, covering veterinary drugs, pesticides, and their transformation products, pharmaceutical and personal care products, disinfection byproducts, and so on. To our knowledge, the presence of closantel, bromoxynil, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, 2,6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol, and related components in cord blood samples was reported for the first time. Both multiple linear regression (MLR) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied to evaluate the relationships of newborn birth outcomes (birth weight, length, and ponderal index) with individual Cl/Br-HOC and Cl/Br-HOCs mixture exposure, respectively. A significantly negative association was observed between pentachlorophenol exposure and newborn birth length, but the significance vanished after the false discovery rate correction. The BKMR analysis showed that Cl/Br-HOCs mixture exposure was significantly associated with reduced newborn birth length, indicating higher risks of fetal growth restriction. Our findings offer an overview of Cl/Br-HOCs exposome during the early life stage and enhance the understanding of its exposure risks.

中文翻译：

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使用非目标分析探索卤化化合物的产前暴露及其与出生结果的关系

卤代有机化合物（HOCs）是一类具有高毒性、低生物降解性和高生物累积潜力的污染物，特别是氯化和溴化HOCs（Cl/Br-HOCs）。关于新型 Cl/Br-HOCs 是否可以穿透胎盘屏障并导致不良分娩结果，尚存在知识空白。本研究于2017年2月至2022年1月在山东省济南市某医院采集了326份脐带血样本，通过非靶向方法鉴定出44种Cl/Br-HOCs，其通信置信度在4以上，涵盖兽药、农药、及其转化产品、药品和个人护理产品、消毒副产物等。据我们所知，首次报道脐带血样本中存在氯氰碘灵、溴苯腈、4-羟基-2,5,6-三氯间苯二甲腈、2,6-二溴-4-硝基苯酚及相关成分。应用多元线性回归 (MLR) 和贝叶斯核机器回归 (BKMR) 模型评估新生儿出生结局（出生体重、身长和体重指数）与个体 Cl/Br-HOC 和 Cl/Br-HOCs 混合物的关系分别曝光。五氯苯酚暴露与新生儿出生身长之间观察到显着负相关，但在错误发现率校正后这种显着性消失。 BKMR 分析表明，Cl/Br-HOCs 混合物暴露与新生儿出生身长缩短显着相关，表明胎儿生长受限的风险较高。我们的研究结果提供了生命早期阶段 Cl/Br-HOCs 暴露的概述，并增强了对其暴露风险的理解。