This study employs neutron diffraction to investigate the relationship between residual stress and coating thickness in cold sprayed 304L austenitic stainless steel. Results show that shot peening predominantly impacts the residual stress profile, leading to substantial in-plane compressive force. The impact of laser heating, a widely used method to alter cold spray's microstructural properties, on the coating's residual stress is also analyzed. The findings indicate that the maximum compressive residual stress in the in-plane component is mainly independent of coating thickness, which suggests that the material properties determine the maximum residual stress. The cold sprayed deposits possessed compressive, nearly biaxial strain and stresses. After laser heating, these stresses were replaced by tensile residual stresses. Two analytical models, the Tsui and Clyne and the Boruah models, for predicting residual stresses are also evaluated, and both models provide reasonable fits to the experimental data. At this point, the deviations between the experimental results and the models are principally caused by the inability of the current models to address plastic deformation and relaxation, and the residual stresses generated by thermal gradients.

本研究采用中子衍射研究冷喷涂 304L 奥氏体不锈钢中残余应力与涂层厚度之间的关系。结果表明，喷丸主要影响残余应力分布，从而产生大量的面内压缩力。还分析了激光加热（一种广泛使用的改变冷喷涂微观结构性能的方法）对涂层残余应力的影响。研究结果表明，面内分量的最大残余压缩应力主要与涂层厚度无关，这表明材料特性决定了最大残余应力。冷喷涂沉积物具有压缩的、近双轴的应变和应力。激光加热后，这些应力被残余拉应力所取代。还评估了用于预测残余应力的两个分析模型：Tsui 和 Clyne 以及 Boruah 模型，并且这两个模型都对实验数据提供了合理的拟合。此时，实验结果与模型之间的偏差主要是由于现有模型无法解决塑性变形和松弛以及热梯度产生的残余应力造成的。