IntroductionThe potential consequences of repeated concussions in sport are well documented. However, it remains unclear whether the cumulative impact of sports‐related concussions differs between different contact sports. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the cumulative effects of sports‐related concussions on clinical and neurocognitive health in different contact sports.Materials and MethodsIn a prospective multicenter study, we examined 507 (74 females) active professional athletes between 18 and 40 years of age from five different contact sports (soccer, handball, American football, basketball, and ice hockey). Data collection involved concussion history, clinical symptom evaluation, neurocognitive assessment, and the collection of other sports‐related information. Composite scores were built for clinical symptoms (such as neck pain and balance disturbances) and for neurocognitive symptoms (such as memory and attention impairments).ResultsAthletes having suffered 3+ concussions in the past showed disproportionally higher clinical symptom severity than athletes with less than three concussions across all sports. The level of clinical symptom burden in athletes with 3+ concussions indicated mild impairment. The number of past concussions did not affect neurocognitive performance.DiscussionRepeated sports‐related concussions appear to have a cumulative impact on clinical—but not cognitive—symptom severity. Although clinical symptom burden in athletes with 3+ concussions in the past was not alarmingly high yet in our sample, increased caution should be advised at this point. Despite few exceptions, results are similar for different contact sports, suggesting a similar multidisciplinary concussion management across all types of sport.

中文翻译：

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不同接触运动中反复脑震荡对临床和神经认知症状严重程度的影响

简介运动中反复脑震荡的潜在后果已有充分记录。然而，目前尚不清楚不同接触运动之间运动相关脑震荡的累积影响是否有所不同。因此，本研究的目的是调查不同接触运动中运动相关脑震荡对临床和神经认知健康的累积影响。材料和方法在一项前瞻性多中心研究中，我们检查了 507 名（74 名女性）现役职业运动员，年龄在 18 岁到 18 岁之间。 40 岁，从事五种不同的接触运动（足球、手球、美式橄榄球、篮球和冰球）。数据收集涉及脑震荡病史、临床症状评估、神经认知评估以及其他运动相关信息的收集。针对临床症状（例如颈部疼痛和平衡障碍）和神经认知症状（例如记忆力和注意力障碍）建立了综合评分。结果过去遭受过 3 次以上脑震荡的运动员比遭受过 3 次以下脑震荡的运动员表现出不成比例的更高临床症状严重程度所有运动项目中的脑震荡。患有 3 次以上脑震荡的运动员的临床症状负担水平表明有轻度损伤。过去脑震荡的次数不会影响神经认知表现。讨论重复的运动相关脑震荡似乎对临床症状严重程度产生累积影响，但对认知症状严重程度没有影响。尽管在我们的样本中，过去患有 3 次以上脑震荡的运动员的临床症状负担还没有高得惊人，但此时应建议更加谨慎。尽管很少有例外，但不同接触运动的结果相似，这表明所有类型的运动都有类似的多学科脑震荡管理。