Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) has a long history of use in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, inflammatory conditions, and pain. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, acute toxicity, and antinociceptive effects of the aqueous extract from M. vulgare leaves (AEMV). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and reducing power assays. The chemical composition of AEMV was determined through LC–MS/MS, and the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were quantified. Acute oral toxicity was assessed in male Swiss mice with a single oral dose of AEMV (1, 2, 5 g/kg). The analgesic impact was examined through writhing, hot plate, and formalin tests. Our findings not only confirmed the safety of the extract in animal models but also revealed significant antioxidant activity in AEMV. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified important bioactive compounds, with marrubiin being a major component. Furthermore, AEMV demonstrated robust antinociceptive properties in all conducted tests, highlighting its potential as a valuable natural source of bioactive compounds suitable for a wide range of therapeutic applications.

中文翻译：

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万寿菊水提取物的化学研究和镇痛活性评价

Marrubium v​​ulgare L.（唇形科）在传统草药中用于治疗呼吸道感染、炎症和疼痛的历史悠久。本研究旨在研究M. vulgare叶水提取物 (AEMV) 的化学成分、急性毒性和镇痛作用。使用 DPPH 和还原力测定来评估抗氧化活性。通过 LC-MS/MS 测定 AEMV 的化学成分，并对总酚、类黄酮和缩合单宁的含量进行定量。使用单次口服剂量的 AEMV（1、2、5 g/kg）评估雄性瑞士小鼠的急性口服毒性。通过扭体、热板和福尔马林测试来检查镇痛效果。我们的研究结果不仅证实了提取物在动物模型中的安全性，而且还揭示了 AEMV 中显着的抗氧化活性。高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 分析鉴定出重要的生物活性化合物，其中马鲁宾 (marrubiin) 是主要成分。此外，AEMV 在所有进行的测试中都表现出强大的抗伤害特性，突显了其作为适用于广泛治疗应用的生物活性化合物的宝贵天然来源的潜力。