In delineating the Anthropocene, the Holocene is being redefined as the formative epoch of human development leading to the Anthropocene. This has led to a diversity of views of the Holocene and Holocene humanity in the Anthropocene, the extremes of which may be described as “Holocene utopianism” and “Holocene dystopianism.” The former views the Holocene as a solution to the predicament of the Anthropocene, as an idealized past of human activities and stable climate that must be aspired to. The latter perceives the Holocene and Holocene humanity as the root cause of the ills of the Anthropocene that must be avoided in the future. These views reflect a gross simplification of human activities and the environment of the Holocene. Human activity in the Holocene is characterized by diverse human behaviors that can be perceived as both destructive and sustaining to the earth’s ecological systems, and in many cases, emerged as a response to fluctuations in the Holocene climate. The Holocene does not provide an escape from the Anthropocene, as a solution or as a cautionary tale. Nonetheless, future human endeavors must necessarily draw from the diversity of human activities and systems of organization observed in the Holocene, but do so carefully.

中文翻译：

---

全新世乌托邦和反乌托邦：人类世中全新世的观点及其对定义人类世的影响

在描述人类世时，全新世被重新定义为导致人类世的人类发展的形成时期。这导致了人类世对全新世和全新世人类的多种观点，其中极端的观点可以被描述为“全新世乌托邦主义”和“全新世反乌托邦主义”。前者将全新世视为人类世困境的解决方案，是人类活动的理想化过去和必须追求的稳定气候。后者将全新世和全新世人类视为未来必须避免的人类世弊病的根源。这些观点反映了全新世人类活动和环境的总体简化。全新世人类活动的特点是多种多样的人类行为，这些行为既可以被视为对地球生态系统的破坏性也是维持性的，而且在许多情况下，是对全新世气候波动的反应。全新世并没有提供逃离人类世的途径，作为解决方案或警示故事。尽管如此，未来人类的努力必须借鉴全新世观察到的人类活动和组织系统的多样性，但要谨慎行事。